Indian Suffragettes: Networks, Transnationalism and International Feminism, 1918-1950

印度妇女参政论者：网络、跨国主义和国际女权主义，1918-1950

• 批准号: AH/M004236/2
• 负责人: Sumita Mukherjee
• 金额: $ 3.19万
• 依托单位: University of Bristol
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FM004236%2F2
• 关键词: Indian; Suffragettes; Networks; Transnationalism; International

This project will research the ways in which Indian female suffragettes created and operated within various transnational networks with individuals and organisations in Britain, America, Europe, Australia and North Africa during the early twentieth century. This project focuses on the campaign for female suffrage specifically as it emerged from 1918, following the first campaigns by Indian women for the vote, up until 1950 when full adult franchise for all over-18s was awarded in India. The particular focus is on Indian suffragettes who travelled outside of India to gain support for the cause, looking at the ways they used their experiences and networks abroad to shape the political future of India, and exploring issues of class, gender, nationalism, and internationalism. This history focuses on Indian women and their activities to reshape and add a broader dimension to the field of global history and histories of feminism by demonstrating the ways in which Indians were also global migrants during the time of empire.There is no complete study of the history of the female suffrage movement in India, despite early works by Geraldine Forbes and Jana Matson Everett, and no consideration of the ways in which Indian women were utilising imperial and global networks to travel within the empire and beyond to campaign for voting rights. This project highlights the global movements of Indian women and not only how they were influenced and inspired by feminist groups and campaigns around the world but also how they, in turn, influenced ideas about suffrage and feminism globally. This project builds upon my existing research on various types of Indians (students, artists, religious figures, doctors) who travelled to Britain in the late nineteenth or early twentieth century, at the height of the British Empire, who established various social and political networks, which they then used when they returned to India. This research reshapes the field of existing migration studies which tend to focus on travel in only one direction; the focus here will be on the circular movement and therefore the multiple global impacts made by these Indians. Indian women were granted the vote in local elections in Bombay and Madras in 1921, dependent on property and literacy, and other regions soon followed, but universal suffrage for all women and men over-18 was only granted in India in 1950. This historical research will give added context to understandings of the position of women and feminist networks today. The Indian subcontinent has a rich history of female participation in politics from prominent female nationalists to the appointment of Indira Gandhi as Prime Minister of India in 1966 and Benazir Bhutto as Prime Minister of Pakistan in 1988 to a large number of female state ministers and politicians in both India and Pakistan in the present day. This project considers the ways in which race, class and imperialism were understood and inflected in the rhetoric and reception to these Indian suffragettes. Therefore, it will make a substantial contribution to our understanding of class, imperialism and gender during the twentieth century, and also of conceptions of transnationalism, migration and global social networks.With the hundred year anniversary of the female vote granted to British women coming up in 2018, the media interest in the suffragette procession during the London 2012 Olympics opening ceremony and the continued activism of the descendants of the Pankhursts, as well as the need to highlight the wealth of valuable material held in the Women's Library (recently transferred to the LSE), and as debates continue to hold forth about women's social and political rights in contemporary India especially with forthcoming elections in May 2014, this is a particularly appropriate time for historians to return to a study of suffragettes that is removed from the metropole and apply it to new understandings of imperial and global history.

本项目将研究二十世纪初印度妇女参政论者是如何与英国、美国、欧洲、澳大利亚和北非的个人和组织建立和运作各种跨国网络的。这个项目的重点是女性选举权运动，特别是从1918年开始，在印度妇女的第一次投票运动之后，直到1950年，印度所有18岁以上的成年人都获得了完全的选举权。本书特别关注那些到国外寻求支持的印度妇女参政权论者，探讨她们如何利用自己在国外的经验和网络塑造印度的政治未来，探讨阶级、性别、民族主义和国际主义等问题。这段历史聚焦于印度妇女和她们的活动，通过展示印度人在帝国时期也是全球移民的方式，重塑和扩大了全球历史和女权主义历史的领域。尽管杰拉尔丁·福布斯（Geraldine Forbes）和贾娜·马特森·埃弗雷特（Jana Matson Everett）的早期作品，但对印度女性选举权运动的历史并没有完整的研究，也没有考虑到印度女性利用帝国和全球网络在帝国内部和外部旅行以争取投票权的方式。这个项目突出了印度妇女的全球运动，不仅展示了她们如何受到世界各地女权主义团体和运动的影响和启发，还展示了她们如何反过来影响了全球关于选举权和女权主义的思想。这个项目建立在我现有的对各种类型的印度人（学生、艺术家、宗教人物、医生）的研究基础上，这些人在19世纪末或20世纪初，在大英帝国的鼎盛时期前往英国，建立了各种社会和政治网络，然后他们回到印度时使用这些网络。这项研究重塑了现有的移民研究领域，这些研究往往只关注一个方向的旅行；这里的重点将是循环运动，以及这些印度人对全球的多重影响。1921年，印度妇女在孟买和马德拉斯的地方选举中获得了投票权，这取决于她们的财产和识字率，其他地区也紧随其后，但印度直到1950年才给予18岁以上的所有男女普选权。这一历史研究将为理解当今女性和女权主义网络的地位提供更多的背景。印度次大陆有着丰富的女性参政历史，从著名的女性民族主义者，到1966年任命英迪拉·甘地为印度总理，1988年任命贝娜齐尔·布托为巴基斯坦总理，再到今天印度和巴基斯坦都有大量的女性国务部长和政治家。这个项目考虑了种族、阶级和帝国主义在对这些印度妇女参政论者的修辞和接受中被理解和影响的方式。因此，它将对我们理解20世纪的阶级、帝国主义和性别，以及跨国主义、移民和全球社会网络的概念做出重大贡献。2018年是英国女性获得投票权100周年，媒体对2012年伦敦奥运会开幕式上的妇女参政游行很感兴趣，潘克赫斯特家族后代的持续行动主义也很有兴趣，而且有必要强调女性图书馆（最近转移到伦敦政治经济学院）中大量有价值的材料。随着关于当代印度妇女社会和政治权利的辩论继续进行，尤其是2014年5月即将举行的选举，这是一个特别合适的时机，让历史学家回到对妇女参政论者的研究中，把它从大都市移开，应用到对帝国和全球历史的新理解中。

项目成果

Unfinished Business: The Fight for Women's Rights

未竟事业：争取妇女权利

• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Laura Carter

From Suffragette to Homesteader

从妇女参政论者到自耕农

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Mukherjee, S

Indian Suffragettes: Female Identities and Transnational Networks

印度妇女参政论者：女性身份和跨国网络

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Mukherjee

The All-Asian Women's Conference 1931: Indian women and their leadership of a pan-Asian feminist organisation

1931 年全亚妇女会议：印度妇女及其对泛亚女权主义组织的领导

• DOI: 10.1080/09612025.2016.1163924
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Women's History Review
• 作者: Mukherjee S

Eleanor Rathbone and Radhabai Subbarayan: Debates on Indian Female Franchise in the 1930s

埃莉诺·拉斯伯恩 (Eleanor Rathbone) 和拉达拜·苏巴拉扬 (Radhabai Subbarayan)：关于 20 世纪 30 年代印度女性特权的争论

• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Women's History
• 作者: Mukherjee S