Indian Suffragettes: Networks, Transnationalism and International Feminism, 1918-1950

印度妇女参政论者：网络、跨国主义和国际女权主义，1918-1950

• 批准号: AH/M004236/1
• 负责人: Sumita Mukherjee
• 金额: $ 14.84万
• 依托单位: King's College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FM004236%2F1
• 关键词: Indian; Suffragettes; Networks; Transnationalism; International

This project will research the ways in which Indian female suffragettes created and operated within various transnational networks with individuals and organisations in Britain, America, Europe, Australia and North Africa during the early twentieth century. This project focuses on the campaign for female suffrage specifically as it emerged from 1918, following the first campaigns by Indian women for the vote, up until 1950 when full adult franchise for all over-18s was awarded in India. The particular focus is on Indian suffragettes who travelled outside of India to gain support for the cause, looking at the ways they used their experiences and networks abroad to shape the political future of India, and exploring issues of class, gender, nationalism, and internationalism. This history focuses on Indian women and their activities to reshape and add a broader dimension to the field of global history and histories of feminism by demonstrating the ways in which Indians were also global migrants during the time of empire.There is no complete study of the history of the female suffrage movement in India, despite early works by Geraldine Forbes and Jana Matson Everett, and no consideration of the ways in which Indian women were utilising imperial and global networks to travel within the empire and beyond to campaign for voting rights. This project highlights the global movements of Indian women and not only how they were influenced and inspired by feminist groups and campaigns around the world but also how they, in turn, influenced ideas about suffrage and feminism globally. This project builds upon my existing research on various types of Indians (students, artists, religious figures, doctors) who travelled to Britain in the late nineteenth or early twentieth century, at the height of the British Empire, who established various social and political networks, which they then used when they returned to India. This research reshapes the field of existing migration studies which tend to focus on travel in only one direction; the focus here will be on the circular movement and therefore the multiple global impacts made by these Indians. Indian women were granted the vote in local elections in Bombay and Madras in 1921, dependent on property and literacy, and other regions soon followed, but universal suffrage for all women and men over-18 was only granted in India in 1950. This historical research will give added context to understandings of the position of women and feminist networks today. The Indian subcontinent has a rich history of female participation in politics from prominent female nationalists to the appointment of Indira Gandhi as Prime Minister of India in 1966 and Benazir Bhutto as Prime Minister of Pakistan in 1988 to a large number of female state ministers and politicians in both India and Pakistan in the present day. This project considers the ways in which race, class and imperialism were understood and inflected in the rhetoric and reception to these Indian suffragettes. Therefore, it will make a substantial contribution to our understanding of class, imperialism and gender during the twentieth century, and also of conceptions of transnationalism, migration and global social networks.With the hundred year anniversary of the female vote granted to British women coming up in 2018, the media interest in the suffragette procession during the London 2012 Olympics opening ceremony and the continued activism of the descendants of the Pankhursts, as well as the need to highlight the wealth of valuable material held in the Women's Library (recently transferred to the LSE), and as debates continue to hold forth about women's social and political rights in contemporary India especially with forthcoming elections in May 2014, this is a particularly appropriate time for historians to return to a study of suffragettes that is removed from the metropole and apply it to new understandings of imperial and global history.

该项目将研究二十世纪初印度女性参政论者在与英国、美国、欧洲、澳大利亚和北非的个人和组织的各种跨国网络中创建和运作的方式。该项目重点关注女性选举权运动，特别是自 1918 年印度妇女发起第一次投票运动以来兴起的女性选举权运动，直到 1950 年印度向所有 18 岁以上的人授予完全的成人选举权。特别关注那些前往印度境外寻求支持的印度妇女参政论者，研究他们如何利用自己在国外的经验和网络来塑造印度的政治未来，并探讨阶级、性别、民族主义和国际主义问题。这部历史重点关注印度妇女及其活动，通过展示印度人在帝国时期也是全球移民的方式，重塑全球历史和女权主义历史并为其增添更广阔的维度。尽管杰拉尔丁·福布斯和贾娜·马特森·埃弗雷特进行了早期研究，但尚未对印度女性选举权运动的历史进行完整的研究，也没有考虑印度妇女如何利用帝国和全球网络在印度的内部旅行。 帝国及其他地区致力于争取投票权。该项目强调了印度妇女的全球运动，不仅展示了她们如何受到世界各地女权主义团体和运动的影响和启发，还展示了她们如何反过来影响了全球关于选举权和女权主义的想法。这个项目建立在我对各种类型的印度人（学生、艺术家、宗教人物、医生）的现有研究的基础上，这些印度人在十九世纪末或二十世纪初，在大英帝国的鼎盛时期前往英国，建立了各种社会和政治网络，然后在返回印度时使用这些网络。这项研究重塑了现有的移民研究领域，这些研究往往只关注一个方向的旅行；这里的重点将是循环运动以及这些印度人对全球产生的多重影响。 1921 年，印度妇女在孟买和马德拉斯的地方选举中获得了投票权，这取决于财产和文化水平，其他地区也很快跟进，但印度直到 1950 年才实现了所有 18 岁以上男女的普选权。这项历史研究将为理解当今妇女和女权主义网络的地位提供更多背景。印度次大陆有着丰富的女性参政历史，从著名的女性民族主义者，到 1966 年任命英迪拉·甘地为印度总理，1988 年任命贝娜齐尔·布托为巴基斯坦总理，再到当今印度和巴基斯坦两国出现了大量女性国务部长和政治家。该项目探讨了种族、阶级和帝国主义在这些印度妇女参政论者的言辞和接受中被理解和变化的方式。因此，它将为我们理解二十世纪的阶级、帝国主义和性别，以及跨国主义、移民和全球社交网络的概念做出重大贡献。随着2018年英国妇女获得女性选举权一百周年纪念日的到来，媒体对2012年伦敦奥运会开幕式期间的妇女参政游行和潘克赫斯特后裔的持续激进主义的兴趣，以及需要 强调妇女图书馆（最近转移到伦敦经济学院）保存的宝贵资料的财富，并且随着关于当代印度妇女的社会和政治权利的辩论继续进行，特别是2014年5月即将举行的选举，现在是历史学家重新开始对远离大都市的妇女参政论者进行研究并将其应用于对帝国和全球历史的新理解的一个特别合适的时机。

项目成果

Unfinished Business: The Fight for Women's Rights

未竟事业：争取妇女权利

• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Laura Carter

From Suffragette to Homesteader

从妇女参政论者到自耕农

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Mukherjee, S

Indian Suffragettes: Female Identities and Transnational Networks

印度妇女参政论者：女性身份和跨国网络

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Mukherjee

The All-Asian Women's Conference 1931: Indian women and their leadership of a pan-Asian feminist organisation

1931 年全亚妇女会议：印度妇女及其对泛亚女权主义组织的领导

• DOI: 10.1080/09612025.2016.1163924
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Women's History Review
• 作者: Mukherjee S

Eleanor Rathbone and Radhabai Subbarayan: Debates on Indian Female Franchise in the 1930s

埃莉诺·拉斯伯恩 (Eleanor Rathbone) 和拉达拜·苏巴拉扬 (Radhabai Subbarayan)：关于 20 世纪 30 年代印度女性特权的争论

• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Women's History
• 作者: Mukherjee S