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Conferencing the International: a cultural and historical geography of the origins of internationalism (1919-1939)

国际会议：国际主义起源的文化和历史地理学（1919-1939）

基本信息

批准号：
AH/M008142/1
负责人：
Stephen Legg
金额：
$ 73.5万
依托单位：
University of Nottingham
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FM008142%2F1
关键词：
Conferencing International cultural historical geography

项目摘要

One of the largely forgotten legacies of the First World War was the belief that peace would result from connections between and across national borders, the fault lines of the war itself. After the centenaries of the War have concluded, we will argue that we should remember how hopes for peace were tied to hopes for connections across the earth; that is, for "the international".Forging these connections and new worlds required new sites of interaction, meeting, learning and friendship making. These sites were the international "conferences" of the interwar period, the places in which internationalism was forged and politically debated, emerging through conversation, disagreement, dance, song, taste, and laughter. Through piecing together the records of these meetings, we will provide a rich history of the spaces through which the international was created and challenged, and in which it floundered.Existing literature has shown that conferences had grown in popularity towards the end of the 19th century, connected to wider showcases such as world fairs and universal exhibitions (35 between 1900-1910) and to the explicitly internationalist claims of the socialist and communist left. But there is a dearth of research into modern international conferences that emerged specifically to take advantage of the opportunities the post-war world offered for peace. For some, peace was the stability of pre-existing colonial empires; for others, peace was "not-war"; while to others, peace required the destruction of the pre-war political landscape. We will examine three sets of conferences that demonstrate these visions of peace and their forms of internationalism that were emerging through and in tension with specific nations (Britain, France and the USA): the Round Table conferences on the future of India in the British Empire (Legg), the International Studies conferences of the League of Nations's ICIC (Heffernan), and the Pan-African Congresses (Hodder). Each of these conferences provided a public commentary on the changes brought by the war and the prospects of a new international order which it was seen to make possible. It was the secret negotiations before and during World War I which exposed the urgent need for public political meetings, to which people would travel from around the globe; these meeting spaces are what international conferences provided. We know very little about the internal spaces of these conferences. Internationalism wasn't centrally organised; it took place through specific, brief meetings of overlapping groups in particular locations. As a result, the archives of modern internationalism is fragmented and dispersed. This project will re-assemble and re-interpret these archives through an analysis of the infrastructures, materials and performances of the inter-war international conference: where people stayed; how their days were planned; how clothing and manners facilitated or hindered certain meetings; what they discussed, and how. One hundred years after the First World War it is often claimed that modern digital technology and instantaneous communication will render the practice of conferencing obsolete. Yet our globalised world is still shaped by G20 meetings, Climate Change Summits and World Economic Forums, embedding locations like Davos and Kyoto in the international geographical imagination. This project will historically situate and explain how conferencing in our contemporary period remains as important as ever. We will communicate our research through a co-authored monograph and an edited volume resulting from a major international conference and exhibition at the Royal Geographical Society on international conferencing at the end of the award, as well as with smaller workshops that will bring together academics, conferencing professionals, and community groups with interests in the global cast that these meetings assembled.

第一次世界大战留下的遗产之一是，人们相信和平将产生于国家边界之间的联系，这是战争本身的断层线。在战争百年纪念结束后，我们将认为，我们应该记住，和平的希望是如何与世界各地的联系联系联系在一起的，也就是说，“国际”。建立这些联系和新的世界需要新的互动、聚会、学习和建立友谊的场所。这些地方是两次世界大战之间的国际“会议”，在那里，国际主义被锻造和政治辩论，通过谈话，分歧，舞蹈，歌曲，品味和笑声出现。通过将这些会议的记录拼凑在一起，我们将提供一个丰富的历史空间，通过这些空间，国际被创造和挑战，并在其中挣扎。现有的文献表明，会议在19世纪末越来越受欢迎，与世界博览会和世界博览会（1900-1910年间35次）等更广泛的展示以及社会主义和共产主义左派明确的国际主义主张有关。但是，对于专门利用战后世界为和平提供的机会而出现的现代国际会议，却缺乏研究。对一些人来说，和平是先前存在的殖民帝国的稳定;对另一些人来说，和平是“非战争”;而对另一些人来说，和平需要摧毁战前的政治格局。我们将考察三组会议，它们展示了这些和平愿景及其国际主义形式，这些国际主义形式是通过特定国家（英国、法国和美国）出现的，并与特定国家（英国、法国和美国）处于紧张状态：关于印度在大英帝国中的未来的圆桌会议（莱格）、国际联盟ICIC的国际研究会议（休达）和泛非大会（霍德）。每一次会议都对战争带来的变化和新的国际秩序的前景发表了公开评论，人们认为这是可能的。正是第一次世界大战之前和期间的秘密谈判暴露了对公共政治会议的迫切需要，人们将从地球仪前往参加这些会议;这些会议空间就是国际会议所提供的。我们对这些会议的内部空间知之甚少。国际主义不是集中组织的;它是通过特定地点重叠团体的特定简短会议进行的。因此，现代国际主义的档案是支离破碎的。该项目将通过对两次世界大战期间国际会议的基础设施、材料和表演的分析，重新组装和解释这些档案：人们住在哪里;他们的日子是如何计划的;服装和礼仪如何促进或阻碍某些会议;他们讨论了什么，以及如何。在第一次世界大战后的一百年里，人们经常声称现代数字技术和即时通信将使会议的做法过时。然而，我们的全球化世界仍然受到20国集团会议、气候变化峰会和世界经济论坛的影响，将达沃斯和京都这样的地点嵌入到国际地理想象中。这个项目将历史性地解释和解释我们当代的会议如何仍然像以往一样重要。我们将通过一个共同撰写的专著和编辑量产生的一个主要的国际会议和展览在皇家地理学会国际会议在奖结束时，以及与较小的研讨会，将汇集学者，会议专业人士和社区团体在这些会议组装的全球演员的利益来传达我们的研究。