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Pre-Columbian Tropical Urban Life: Placing the past in designs for sustainable urban futures (TruLife)

前哥伦布时期的热带城市生活：将过去融入可持续城市未来的设计中 (TruLife)

基本信息

批准号：
AH/N006240/1
负责人：
Benjamin Vis
金额：
$ 4.61万
依托单位：
University of Kent
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FN006240%2F1
关键词：
Pre Columbian Tropical Urban Life

项目摘要

Facing the challenge of increasing urbanisation, strategies for future city development are not considering the long urban past. Archaeologists of ancient cities recognise that long-term urban processes can teach us about diverse human-environment interactions. Thus, TruLife's core research question is: Can studying the diversity of long-term urban traditions, exemplified by pre-Columbian Maya tropical cities, effectively inform designing for sustainable urban futures?Research activitiesUnder the current Cross-Council Enquiry Highlight Notice, TruLife will create a humanities led network of researchers that incorporates the environmental and social sciences. They will convene in three workshops dedicated to pivotal concerns ubiquitous to building sustainable cities: A) Food Security B) Decay and Waste Management C) Spatial PracticeTruLife's workshops establish concrete foundations for comparative frames of reference, associated terms, data, and analysis relevant to pertinent topics, which will be widely disseminated.BackgroundThe longest time span and most diverse cases of urban developmental pathways are being recorded by archaeologists. This significantly expanded evidence base of urban scenarios is currently not used in designs for sustainable urban life. A lack of comparative frames of reference (including commensurable methods and data presentation) causes the absence of direct, mutually informing dialogues.With a focus on the well-documented 2,500 year history of the Maya Neotropical urban tradition, workable, high-potential outcomes for wide-ranging research and innovative design applications can be achieved. Maya urbanism offers an elucidating case. It flourished without the 'human-animal grazing complex' Old World urban growth relies on. This contrast asks crucial questions about critical differences in human-environment interactions. Maya everyday urban life and development thrived in different urban ecological relations and metabolic processes to those of globalised temperate-climate models. European colonisation replaced Maya urban configurations with such models, causing the loss of key practices, including its long-term adaptability to change. Dependence on grazing animals results in declining soil fertility, soil erosion, massive deforestation, and misdirected investments (e.g. growing crops to feed cattle), all of which pose a global threat to humanity.Urban design and environmental engineering aspire to balance ecological relations of cities to attain more sustainable social life. The usability of ideas derived from TruLife's cross-disciplinary encounters follows from both a better appreciation of archaeological contributions outside the discipline and allowing environmental and urban social science to influence archaeological investigation.Dissemination and ImpactTruLife will examine the relevance of long-term Maya tropical cities to offering critical contexts and alternatives to current discussions on strategies for urban futures, disseminating results in a special issue of an international journal (TruLife has links to Journal of Urbanism and Ecology and Society) and abridged methodological pointers on an existing research website.Developing a brief for a Design Ideas Competition will test the ability of new insights and frames of reference in areas of shared concern. The competition and resulting exhibition will be organised with non-academic project partners creating a powerful arena of knowledge exchange and impact, both of research and impacting subsequent research scopes.ReachThe network comprises an international membership with a strategic UK base (12 in 6 countries), expert invitees (6), and non-academic project partners (2). Diverse membership, including links to related NGOs, steering group, and external partners ensure the quality and broad leverage for TruLife's outputs. Impact activities concern urban populations, urban professionals, students, and public.

面对日益城市化的挑战，未来城市发展的战略并没有考虑到城市的悠久历史。古代城市的考古学家认识到，长期的城市进程可以教会我们各种各样的人与环境的相互作用。因此，TruLife的核心研究问题是：研究长期城市传统的多样性，例如前哥伦布时期的玛雅热带城市，能否有效地为可持续的城市未来设计提供信息？研究活动根据目前的跨理事会查询重点通知，TruLife将创建一个人文主导的研究人员网络，将环境和社会科学相结合。他们将召开三个研讨会，专门讨论建设可持续城市所普遍存在的关键问题：A）食品安全B）腐烂和废物管理C）空间实践TruLife的研讨会为与相关主题相关的比较参考框架、相关术语、数据和分析奠定了具体基础，考古学家们正在记录城市发展路径的最长时间跨度和最多样化的案例。这一显著扩大的城市情景证据基础目前尚未用于可持续城市生活的设计。由于缺乏可比较的参考框架（包括可比较的方法和数据呈现），导致缺乏直接的，相互通报的对话。重点是有据可查的玛雅新热带城市传统的2,500年历史，可以实现广泛的研究和创新设计应用的可行的，高潜力的成果。玛雅的城市化提供了一个很好的例子。旧世界城市发展所依赖的“人畜复合体”并没有出现，它的繁荣也就不复存在。玛雅人的日常城市生活和发展在不同的城市生态关系和代谢过程中蓬勃发展，这些全球化的温带气候模式。欧洲的殖民统治用这种模式取代了玛雅的城市布局，导致了关键做法的丧失，包括其对变化的长期适应性。对放牧动物的依赖导致土壤肥力下降、土壤侵蚀、大规模砍伐森林和错误的投资（例如种植农作物喂牛），所有这些都对人类构成了全球性的威胁。城市设计和环境工程渴望平衡城市的生态关系，以实现更可持续的社会生活。从TruLife的跨学科遭遇中获得的想法的可用性来自于对学科之外的考古学贡献的更好理解，以及允许环境和城市社会科学影响考古学调查。传播和影响TruLife将研究长期玛雅热带城市的相关性，为当前关于城市未来战略的讨论提供关键背景和替代方案，在一份国际期刊的特刊上传播研究成果（TruLife与《城市主义》和《生态与社会》杂志有链接），并在一个现有的研究网站上简要介绍方法论。为设计创意竞赛编写一份简报，将测试在共同关注的领域中新见解和参考框架的能力。竞赛和由此产生的展览将与非学术项目合作伙伴一起组织，创造一个强大的知识交流和影响的竞技场，无论是研究还是影响随后的研究范围。ReachThe网络包括一个具有战略英国基地的国际成员（6个国家的12个），专家受邀者（6）和非学术项目合作伙伴（2）。多种多样的成员，包括与相关非政府组织、指导小组和外部伙伴的联系，确保了TruLife产出的质量和广泛的影响力。影响活动涉及城市人口、城市专业人员、学生和公众。