Risk, Hazards, Disasters and Cultures: Exploring an Integrated Humanities, Natural Sciences and Disaster Studies Approach

风险、危害、灾害和文化：探索综合人文、自然科学和灾害研究方法

• 批准号: AH/N009436/1
• 负责人: Caroline Williams
• 金额: $ 4.41万
• 依托单位: University of Bristol
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FN009436%2F1
• 关键词: Risk; Hazards; Disasters; Cultures; Exploring

'Natural' disasters are set to become one of the key challenges confronting governments and communities in the decades ahead as climate change, the number of people living in hazard-prone (especially coastal) locations, and the sheer density of the urban fabric increase the potential for loss from natural hazards. Societies in the past were also severely tested by disasters, however, often to the limits of their endurance. Some cultures proved more resilient and overcame these tribulations; others showed less flexibility and failed. What makes any society vulnerable or resilient in the present is in part an historical question, and understanding how different cultures at different times were able to prepare for, mitigate, manage and recover from such events provides useful lessons for disaster risk managers today. A key aim of this network is to explore how to incorporate the distinctive cultural and temporal insights that history and the humanities more broadly can contribute to DRR. Steps towards collaborative approaches to integrated hazard research are currently emerging through the development of historical databases such as ACRE and the Global Historical Earthquake Catalogue, but there has not yet been a comprehensive conversation to enhance communication between historians, natural scientists and disaster specialists, identify common areas of concern, and frame research questions and methodologies to address them. RHDC is structured to build towards such a conversation. It encourages an interdisciplinary dialogue to identify a) what special input history and the humanities can make to DRR; b) the optimal ways in which our disciplines can collaborate; and c) the practical contribution such an interdisciplinary (but humanities-led) approach can make to disaster risk management today. To this end, we plan to hold a series of themed workshops, each of which will focus on a pressing issue in DRR studies that will enable participants to share perspectives, create a common framework for cooperation, and provide guidance on how such an integrated approach might be better incorporated into disaster risk management. Selected contributions from the workshops will be published in a special edition of an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed journal such as Disasters or Global Environmental Change. We will engage non-academic audiences via the participation of organisations such as AXA and CAFOD in our workshops, by producing working papers intended for the research community and stakeholders outside academe which we will publish open-access on the network website, and by maintaining a blog to keep network participants and the wider public informed about RHDC events, and provide commentary on past and contemporary natural disasters. We will also hold public-facing events including a public lecture hosted by the University of Bristol's Cabot Institute and a historians and scientists 'in conversation' evening hosted by the University of Oxford.The network will benefit a wide range of academic and non-academic stakeholders. It brings together participants with diverse interests and experience who seek common ground in disaster research through integrating methodologies, sharing data, and identifying critical shared questions. As an outcome of establishing strong interdisciplinary connections, it is anticipated that the network will lead to one or more applications for major collaborative research funding.

未来几十年，随着气候变化、生活在灾害多发地区(尤其是沿海地区)的人口数量以及城市结构的高度密集，自然灾害将成为政府和社区面临的关键挑战之一。然而，过去的社会也受到灾难的严峻考验，往往到了承受极限的地步。事实证明，一些文化更具弹性，并克服了这些磨难；另一些文化表现出较低的灵活性，并失败了。是什么使任何社会在当下变得脆弱或具有韧性，这在一定程度上是一个历史问题，了解不同时代的不同文化如何能够为此类事件做好准备、减轻、管理和恢复，这对当今的灾害风险管理人员来说是有益的教训。该网络的一个关键目的是探索如何纳入独特的文化和时代性见解，历史和人文在更广泛的范围内可以为减少灾害风险做出贡献。目前正在通过开发历史数据库，如ACRE和全球历史地震目录，采取协作办法进行综合灾害研究，但尚未进行全面对话，以加强历史学家、自然科学家和灾害专家之间的沟通，确定共同关切的领域，并制定研究问题和方法，以解决这些问题。RHDC的结构就是为了进行这样的对话。它鼓励进行跨学科对话，以确定a)历史和人文学科可以对灾害风险管理作出哪些特殊贡献；b)我们的学科能够以何种最佳方式进行协作；c)这种跨学科(但以人文学科为主导)的方法可以为当今的灾害风险管理作出实际贡献。为此，我们计划举办一系列专题讲习班，每个专题讲习班都将侧重于灾害风险研究中的一个紧迫问题，使与会者能够分享观点，创建一个共同的合作框架，并就如何将这种综合办法更好地纳入灾害风险管理提供指导。讲习班的选定稿件将在诸如《灾害》或《全球环境变化》等跨学科同行评议期刊的特别版上发表。我们将通过AXA和CAFOD等组织参与我们的研讨会，通过为学术界以外的研究社区和利益相关者编写工作论文并将其公开发布在网络网站上，以及通过维护博客让网络参与者和更广泛的公众了解RHDC事件，并提供对过去和当代自然灾害的评论，来吸引非学术受众。我们还将举办面向公众的活动，包括由布里斯托尔大学卡伯特研究所主办的公开讲座，以及由牛津大学主办的历史学家和科学家对话之夜。该网络将使广泛的学术界和非学术界利益攸关方受益。它将具有不同兴趣和经验的参与者聚集在一起，他们通过整合方法、共享数据和确定关键的共同问题来寻求灾害研究的共同点。作为建立强大的跨学科联系的结果，预计该网络将导致一项或多项重大合作研究资金的申请。