The Art of Friendship in France, 1789-1914

法国的友谊艺术，1789-1914 年

• 批准号: AH/P002447/1
• 负责人: Nicholas White
• 金额: $ 4.42万
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FP002447%2F1
• 关键词: Art; Friendship; France; 1789; 1914

Friendship is everywhere. It is almost impossible to imagine a society or culture without it. Yet for a concept that is so immediately, intuitively meaningful to virtually all human beings, friendship has been a famously intractable scholarly problem. Unofficial, uncodified and unregulated (not to mention, very often, unspoken), friendship does not lend itself to clear theoretical definition; nor do the friendships of the past necessarily leave traces that might allow us to elaborate a model of historical friendship from evidence. It is doubtless both the challenge and the possibilities promised by these problematic aspects of friendship that have made it such a productive field of research, across a number of disciplines, in the last twenty years. Historians and literary critics have been drawn to the theme for different reasons, and have addressed it in different ways - but they have rarely had the opportunity to compare their basic assumptions about friendship, and thus to work out if they are even talking about the same thing. Our interdisciplinary network encourages an international panel of scholars working on France in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic eras, the nineteenth century, and the Belle Epoque up to the Great War, to consider what presuppositions about friendship operate within their own field (and, perhaps, their own national academic context), and what they might learn from the use made of the concept by scholars in other disciplines - in particular, what new forms of evidence they might acquire through an interdisciplinary conversation, and how that evidence might enrich their own account of this central cultural question.Our network will bring together historians and literary scholars from France, Canada, the UK and the USA, who will collaboratively investigate friendship as a public and private issue, as a cultural phenomenon and a fact of life, as representation and reality. Of particular importance to us will be the relationship of friendship to sex and desire: for while historians including John Boswell and Alan Bray have debated how 'friendship' might have provided past ages with a language in which to talk about same-sex desire and relationships, critics of nineteenth-century literature might equally hanker after a language in which to talk about texts that somehow escapes the seeming monopoly of 'desire' on twentieth-century theories of reading and interpretation. Could nineteenth-century (heterosexual) men and women be 'just friends'? Could nineteenth-century literary texts represent such a friendship, whether possible or not in real life? Would a novel in which the characters were bound exclusively by friendship, and from which sexual desire was excluded, even be readable? All of these questions will flow into our collaborative exploration of what friendship meant to different people in nineteenth-century France, what new things an analysis of 'friendship' can tell us about this supposedly familiar context, and, in addition, what the peculiarities of nineteenth-century ideas on friendship can teach us of our own assumptions and blind spots about this everyday theme.

友谊无处不在。我们几乎无法想象一个社会或文化中没有友谊，然而，友谊这个概念对几乎所有人来说都具有直接、直观的意义，它一直是一个著名的难以解决的学术问题。友谊是非官方的、未经编纂的、不受管制的（更不用说，经常是心照不宣的），它本身并不适合于明确的理论定义;过去的友谊也不一定会留下痕迹，使我们能够从证据中阐述一个历史友谊的模型。毫无疑问，正是友谊的这些问题所带来的挑战和可能性，使它在过去的20年里成为一个跨学科的富有成效的研究领域。历史学家和文学评论家们被这个主题所吸引的原因各不相同，他们也以不同的方式探讨了这个问题--但他们很少有机会比较他们对友谊的基本假设，从而弄清楚他们是否在谈论同一件事。我们的跨学科网络鼓励一个国际学者小组研究法国在革命和拿破仑时代，世纪，贝儿时代直到第一次世界大战，考虑什么样的前提假设友谊在自己的领域内运作（也许还有他们自己国家的学术背景），以及他们可能从其他学科的学者对这一概念的使用中学到什么--特别是，通过跨学科的对话，他们可能会获得什么样的新形式的证据，以及这些证据如何丰富他们自己对这一核心文化问题的解释。我们的网络将汇集来自法国、加拿大、英国和美国的历史学家和文学学者，他们将合作研究友谊作为一个公共和私人问题，作为一种文化现象和生活事实，作为一种表现和现实。对我们来说，特别重要的是友谊与性和欲望的关系：因为尽管包括约翰·博斯韦尔和艾伦·布雷在内的历史学家一直在争论“友谊”如何为过去的时代提供了一种谈论同性欲望和关系的语言，19世纪的批评者-世纪的文学可能同样渴望一种语言，用这种语言来谈论文本，以某种方式摆脱20世纪“欲望”的垄断。世纪的阅读和解释理论。19世纪的（异性恋）男人和女人能“只是朋友”吗？19世纪的文学作品能代表这样一种友谊吗？无论在真实的生活中是否可能？如果小说中的人物完全被友谊所束缚，而性欲被排除在外，那么这部小说还能读吗？所有这些问题都将流入我们的合作探索，即友谊对19世纪法国不同的人意味着什么，对“友谊”的分析可以告诉我们关于这个所谓熟悉的背景的新东西，此外，19世纪关于友谊的思想的特殊性可以告诉我们关于这个日常主题的假设和盲点。

项目成果

Guest-edited journal special number on The Art of Friendship in France, from the Revolution to the Great War

客座编辑的关于法国从大革命到第一次世界大战的友谊艺术的期刊特刊

• 作者: Counter A J (ed)

Between Men and Women: Making Friends in Guy de Maupassant's Bel-Ami

男人和女人之间：在莫泊桑的《美丽的朋友》中交朋友

• DOI: 10.1215/26885220-110.1-4.203
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Romanic Review
• 影响因子: 0.1
• 作者: White N