NEWTON: Plural Heritages of Istanbul's World Heritage Sites: the case of Land Walls

牛顿：伊斯坦布尔世界遗产地的多元遗产：以陆墙为例

• 批准号: AH/P005810/1
• 负责人: Christopher Whitehead
• 金额: $ 30.38万
• 依托单位: Newcastle University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FP005810%2F1
• 关键词: NEWTON; Plural; Heritages; Istanbul; World

The project will develop new valorisations of the Istanbul Land (Theodosian) Walls, working with communities to: 1) inform heritage planning through 'bottom-up' perspectives; 2) relate the Walls to intangible cultural heritages; 3) co-produce both situated and web-based, public-facing digital heritage interpretation resources that reflect non-official, hitherto unauthorised understandings of the Walls and their environs; and 4) build capacity through modelling heritage management/interpretation practice, digital technologies and community engagement within the heritage sector.The Walls are an extensive part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. They are an ancient structure, much modified in history, famously breached in the 1453 Conquest of Constantinople and now situated in a rapidly modernizing megacity. They have witnessed intercultural contact and conflict, from war to 'gentrification', sometimes involving involuntary displacements of communities. The Walls are officially valorized as tangible heritage, and the UNESCO statement of Outstanding Universal Value is based upon the 'unique integration of architectural masterpieces that reflect the meeting of Europe and Asia over many centuries'. This has shortcomings related to scant engagement with, and involvement of, diverse stakeholder communities, and we contend that the Walls are not well valorized by people who live in their vicinity, and are not meaningfully integrated into such people's lives as heritage. To counter this, we will research and develop multi-perspectival narratives revalorizing the Walls in relation to different identities, experiences and attitudes to the past, proposing models for in-country urban heritage management/interpretation. This involves three interrelated uses of qualitative research into the lives, attitudes and understandings of heritage of community stakeholders: 1) to inform more responsive, 'bottom-up' heritage management; 2) to engage stakeholders as co-producers of public-facing heritage interpretation, in particular to produce in situ and online digital resources that valorize and present multiple stories; and 3) to rethink the Walls beyond the paradigm of tangible heritage, based on people's 'sense of place'. The research is structured in interconnected work packages to achieve this and we adopt a multi-modal qualitative research methodology including both surveying (e.g. semi-structured interviews and focus groups, walking ethnographies); and co-production of heritage resources (e.g. digital stories accessible online or remotely through QR codes), which functions both as resource development and as a form of reflexive enquiry into people's identities and attitudes to heritage.One key concern is the need to reconceptualise the Walls as 'heritage' not merely as a physical part of the historic built environment, but as part of the story of people's lives and as one locus of people's complex relations with the past. This aligns with recent appeals for alternative perspectives on the past: with the notion that there exist multiple, rather than singular, 'heritages' - even when constellated in one place; and that the 'ordinary' stories of people's lives may have as much to tell us as official representations of national history. A second key concern is the need to introduce more sophisticated heritage community engagement practices, including co-production, not just to ensure the social value of the Walls, but also to share the benefits to society and to heritage interpretation that such approaches have produced in other countries, notably in the PI's AHRC-funded work in the UK. As part of this, the project provides Official Development Assistance (ODA) through: enabling cultural development and sector 'upskilling' through community interpretation training toolkits (CITTs); 'consolidating cultural heritage'; and supporting heritage tourism as a 'key economic sector'.

该项目将与社区合作，对伊斯坦布尔土地（狄奥多西）城墙进行新的评估：1）通过“自下而上”的视角为遗产规划提供信息； 2) 将长城与非物质文化遗产联系起来； 3) 共同制作现场和基于网络、面向公众的数字遗产解释资源，反映非官方的、迄今为止未经授权的对长城及其周围环境的理解； 4) 通过模拟遗产管理/解释实践、数字技术和遗产部门的社区参与来建设能力。长城是联合国教科文组织世界遗产的重要组成部分。它们是一座古老的建筑，在历史上经过了很大的修改，在 1453 年征服君士坦丁堡时被攻破而闻名，现在坐落在一个快速现代化的大城市中。他们目睹了跨文化接触和冲突，从战争到“士绅化”，有时还涉及社区的非自愿流离失所。长城被正式列为有形遗产，联合国教科文组织关于突出普遍价值的声明是基于“反映欧洲和亚洲多个世纪的交汇的建筑杰作的独特融合”。这存在与不同利益相关者社区的接触和参与很少有关的缺点，而且我们认为，居住在其附近的人们并没有很好地评价隔离墙，并且没有作为遗产有意义地融入这些人的生活。为了解决这个问题，我们将研究和发展与不同身份、经历和对过去的态度相关的多视角叙事，重新评估长城的价值，并提出国内城市遗产管理/解释的模式。这涉及对社区利益相关者的生活、态度和对遗产的理解进行定性研究的三个相互关联的用途：1）为更具响应性的“自下而上”遗产管理提供信息； 2) 让利益相关者作为面向公众的遗产解读的共同制作者，特别是制作现场和在线数字资源，以评估和呈现多个故事； 3）基于人们的“地方感”，超越物质遗产的范式重新思考城墙。为了实现这一目标，该研究由相互关联的工作包组成，我们采用多模式定性研究方法，包括调查（例如半结构化访谈和焦点小组、步行民族志）；遗产资源的共同制作（例如，可在线或通过二维码远程访问的数字故事），其功能既是资源开发，也是对人们的身份和对遗产的态度进行反思性调查的一种形式。一个关键问题是需要将城墙重新概念化为“遗产”，不仅将其视为历史建筑环境的物理组成部分，而且将其视为人们生活故事的一部分以及人们与遗产之间复杂关系的一个场所 过去。这与最近对过去的不同观点的呼吁是一致的：存在着多个而不是单一的“遗产”——即使集中在一个地方；人们生活中的“普通”故事可能与国家历史的官方表述一样有很多东西可以告诉我们。第二个关键问题是需要引入更复杂的遗产社区参与实践，包括共同制作，不仅是为了确保长城的社会价值，也是为了分享这种方法在其他国家产生的社会效益和遗产解释，特别是在 PI 由 AHRC 资助的英国工作中。作为其中的一部分，该项目通过以下方式提供官方发展援助（ODA）： 通过社区口译培训工具包（CITT）促进文化发展和部门“技能提升”； “巩固文化遗产”；支持遗产旅游业作为“关键经济部门”。

项目成果

Design and Plural Heritages

设计与多元遗产

• DOI: 10.1145/3290605.3300236
• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Schofield T

Kültür Mirasi Yönetimi: Neden Ve Nasil? (Cultural Heritage Management: why and how?

Kultür Mirasi Yönetimi：Neden Ve Nasil？

• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: A. Yilmaz

Istanbul Yesil Alanlar

伊斯坦布尔 耶西尔·阿兰拉尔

• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Sari, S.

Plural Heritages of Istanbul: The Case of the Land Walls" Research Project - A Participatory Research Approach for Cultural Heritage

伊斯坦布尔的多元遗产：陆墙案例”研究项目——文化遗产的参与性研究方法

• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Forced Migration and Cultural Production.
• 作者: Kunt

Plural Heritages and Community Co-production - Designing, Walking, and Remembering

多元遗产与社区合作——设计、行走和记忆

• DOI: 10.4324/9781003042075
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Whitehead C