Chilean Refugees and the World University Service (HN)

1973年9月11日，皮诺切特将军对智利圣地亚哥市中心的总统府La Moneda进行了空中轰炸，这是当代拉丁美洲历史上的一个标志性时刻。它在地球仪引起了共鸣，标志着萨尔瓦多阿连德提出的社会主义民主道路的残酷终结。皮诺切特的政权是该地区一系列暴力冲突中的一个。1976年，邻国阿根廷发生政变，导致军事独裁，许多逃离的智利人再次发现自己受到迫害。皮诺切特轰炸莫内达宫的画面不仅在美洲，而且在欧洲，都彻底动摇了左翼的希望。在1970年代中期至1980年代中期，英国组织投入了大量的努力和财政支持，以拯救智利人免受皮诺切特统治下的智利的政治迫害。世界大学服务社是这一进程的核心。它的行动，与一些相关的组织，现在可以被看作是在英国协调难民政策的开始。这个项目的目的是建立一个网络，调查世界大学服务（WUS）在协助智利人逃离政治迫害的作用，分析一个有代表性的样本WUS流亡的经验，并评估今天的难民和流亡政策的方案的教训。我们将与智利圣地亚哥的记忆与人权博物馆合作，记录和分析这些流亡者的经验记忆，现在他们已经60多岁、70多岁甚至80多岁了，我们的目标是：协助MMDH通过加强目前研究不足的智利-英国维度来扩大其流亡记忆的收集;2.通过提高社会对流亡者证词和经历的认识，协助MMDH促进和平与容忍;3.建立一个网络，能够设计和提供一个更大的，口述历史项目的智利流亡者在英国;4。大多数难民倡议都是在五年这一相对较短的时限内进行评价的。然而，在逃离皮诺切特政变的智利人的情况下，一个独特的机会出现了，可以检查他们长达四十年的流亡经历，以及那些返回家园的流亡者的经历。因此，我们有机会审查和思考那些已经或正在失去流亡公民的国家的长期战略。我们的项目展示了他们如何公开承认这些经历，将它们纳入一个更具凝聚力的社会，并在国家记忆叙事中承认它们。

General Pinochet's aerial bombardment of the Presidential Palace, La Moneda, in the centre of Santiago de Chile on 11 September 1973 was an iconic moment in contemporary Latin American history. It resonated around the globe, signalling a brutal end to Salvador Allende's proposed democratic road to socialism. Pinochet's regime was one of a series of violent dictatorships in the region. In 1976 a coup in neighbouring Argentina led to a military dictatorship where many fleeing Chileans again found themselves persecuted. The images of Pinochet's bombing of the Moneda Palace shook left-wing hopes to the core not only in the Americas but also in Europe. Between the mid 1970s and the mid 1980s, a significant amount of effort and financial support was dedicated by UK organizations to the rescue of Chileans from political persecution in Pinochet's Chile. The World University Service (WUS) was central to this process. Its actions, in conjunction with a number of related organizations, can now be seen as the beginning of co-ordinated refugee policy in the UK.This project aims to establish a network to investigate the role of the World University Service (WUS) in assisting Chileans fleeing political persecution, to analyse a representative sample of WUS exile experiences, and to evaluate the lessons of the program for refugee and exile policy today. Working with the Museo de la Memoria y los Derechos Humanos, or Museum of Memory and Human Rights (MMDH), in Santiago de Chile, we shall record and analyse the experiential memories of these exiles, now in their sixties, seventies and even eighties, before it is too late to do so.Our goals are:1. to assist the MMDH in expanding their collection of exile memories by enhancing a currently understudied Chile-UK dimension;2. to assist the MMDH in promoting peace and tolerance via greater social awareness of exile testimony and experiences;3. to establish a network able to design and deliver a larger, oral history project on Chilean exiles in the UK;4. to draw out potential policy reflections relevant to the present moment.Most refugee initiatives are evaluated within the relatively short time frame of five years. In the case of Chileans fleeing the Pinochet coup, however, a unique opportunity presents itself to examine their experiences of up to four decades of exile, as well as the experiences of those exiles who returned home. We thus have a chance to examine and reflect on long-term strategies for countries that have lost or are losing citizens to exile. Our project demonstrates how they might publicly recognize such experiences, incorporate them into a more cohesive society, and acknowledge them in national memory narratives.