Interpreting the Mensural Notation of Music: An Expert System Based on the Theory of Johannes Tinctoris

解读音乐记谱法：基于约翰内斯·丁克托里斯理论的专家系统

• 批准号: AH/P013910/1
• 负责人: Jeffrey Dean
• 金额: $ 87.12万
• 依托单位: Birmingham City University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FP013910%2F1
• 关键词: Interpreting; Mensural; Notation; Music; Expert

This innovative project addresses a central issue confronting those who work with musical sources from the early fourteenth to the early seventeenth century, whether as editors, analysts, or performers. The 'mensural' system of rhythmic notation, then prevalent, was highly contextual; unlike modern 'common-practice' notation, in which all notes are divisible only by two (with well-defined exceptions called 'tuplets') and are therefore definite in duration, many notes in mensural notation could be divided either by two or by three without visual distinction, and their durations were subject to further conventional manipulation according to their context. We will construct an online software expert system, modelling the teachings of one of the foremost fifteenth-century music theorists, Johannes Tinctoris (c.1435-1511), that will take files in uninterpreted mensural notation as input and output them in terms of definite durations. Tinctoris's theory lends itself to such treatment by virtue of his rigorous method and intention to instantiate his rules exhaustively. The proposed system is one natural outgrowth of the online critical edition of Tinctoris's writings produced by the same project team (http://earlymusictheory.org/Tinctoris). Results may be output in a variety of formats: original mensural notation or common-practice notation, score or separate parts. Our system will accept the input of uninterpreted mensural notation produced by other projects; our interpreted output will be available to analytical software developed by still others.We will use machine-learning techniques to improve the system's performance. This will involve training with a graded series of pieces of actual fifteenth-century music: (1) all the music examples Tinctoris composed to illustrate his treatises on mensural notation and counterpoint; (2) all Tinctoris's practical compositions, for which we will produce a new critical edition; (3) selected works of two composers Tinctoris regarded highly, Guillaume du Fay and Antoine Busnoys, whose music was composed with somewhat different notational conventions from those articulated by Tinctoris. We expect the system to be able to interpret the notation of nearly all music from between the early fifteenth century and the early seventeenth (the fourteenth century presents variants we should not have time to address).Students of late-medieval and early-modern music nowadays are less well versed than formerly in the complexities of mensural notation, while at the same time more and more musicians are interested in performing such music from facsimiles of the original sources. Accordingly, we will develop a new online interactive learning tool, with which students, performers, or others can practise the cognitive processes involved in interpreting mensural notation. The tool will present progressive exercises together with target results and a mechanism for annotation, and will be able to give feedback on progress and to offer hints.We expect the development of our software system to generate unpredictable historical discoveries concerning the completeness of Tinctoris's theory and its relation to the wider practice of his time. We will communicate these in the form of standard academic publications. An especially valuable aspect of the project will be a series of public workshops in Birmingham, Oxford, and London, forming a progressive introduction to the software learning tool as it evolves. Principal beneficiaries of this project will include all those involved in the performance, editing, and scholarship of late-medieval and early-modern musical repertories. For all users a much heightened and enriched awareness of the implications of the original, complex notations will be raised, and a highly innovative, practical tool made available to assist with the learning process, as well as to enable the production of new user-led editions of works from this pivotal period of western European music.

这个创新的项目解决了一个中心问题，面对那些谁的工作与音乐来源从早期的十四至十七世纪，无论是作为编辑，分析师，或表演。当时流行的节奏记谱法的“定量”系统是高度语境化的;不像现代的“通用”记谱法，所有的音符只能被2整除（有明确定义的例外称为“二重奏”），因此在持续时间上是确定的，许多音符在定量记谱法中可以分为两个或三个，没有视觉上的区别，并且它们的持续时间根据它们的上下文受到进一步的常规操纵。我们将构建一个在线软件专家系统，模拟15世纪最重要的音乐理论家之一约翰内斯·廷克夫（Johannes Tincket，c.1435-1511）的教导，该系统将以未解释的定量符号作为输入文件，并以确定的持续时间输出它们。廷克夫的理论适合于这样的治疗凭借他的严格的方法和意图，以详尽地实例化他的规则。拟议中的系统是由同一个项目小组（http：//earlymusictheory.org/Tincobalt）制作的Tincobalt著作在线评论版的自然产物。结果可以以多种格式输出：原始定量符号或常用符号，分数或单独部分。我们的系统将接受其他项目产生的未解释的定量符号的输入;我们的解释输出将可用于其他项目开发的分析软件。我们将使用机器学习技术来提高系统的性能。这将涉及训练与一系列实际的15世纪的音乐作品的分级：（1）所有的音乐例子，丁格尔组成，以说明他的论文定量记谱法和对位法;（2）所有丁格尔的实际组成，我们将产生一个新的评论版;（3）两个作曲家廷克塞高度评价的作品，纪尧姆杜费和安托万Busnoys，他的音乐与廷克夫的音乐有着不同的记谱惯例。我们希望这个系统能够解释世纪早期到17世纪早期之间几乎所有音乐的记谱法（世纪出现了一些变体，我们没有时间来讨论）。如今研究中世纪晚期和现代早期音乐的学生不像以前那样精通定量记谱法的复杂性，同时，越来越多的音乐家对表演这些来自原始来源的复制品的音乐感兴趣。因此，我们将开发一个新的在线互动学习工具，学生，表演者，或其他人可以练习参与解释定量符号的认知过程。该工具将呈现渐进式练习以及目标结果和注释机制，并能够提供进度反馈和提示。我们希望我们的软件系统的发展能够产生关于廷克塞理论完整性及其与他那个时代更广泛实践的关系的不可预测的历史发现。我们将以标准学术出版物的形式传达这些信息。该项目的一个特别有价值的方面是在伯明翰、牛津和伦敦举办的一系列公共研讨会，随着软件学习工具的发展，逐步介绍软件学习工具。该项目的主要受益者将包括所有参与中世纪晚期和现代早期音乐剧目的表演，编辑和学术研究的人员。对于所有用户来说，将提高对原始复杂符号含义的高度和丰富的认识，并提供一个高度创新的实用工具，以帮助学习过程，并使西欧音乐这一关键时期的作品的新用户主导版本得以制作。

项目成果

Antoine Busnoys: Selected works

安托万·布斯努伊斯：作品选

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Busnoys, A.

Against the odds: pandemic early choral music

克服困难：流行的早期合唱音乐

• DOI: 10.1093/em/caab055
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Early Music
• 影响因子: 0.3
• 作者: Goursaud C

Johannes Tinctoris and Music Theory in the Late Fifteenth Century: Essays and Studies

约翰内斯·丁克托里斯和十五世纪后期的音乐理论：论文和研究

• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Goursaud C

MeRIT: An interactive annotation tool for mensural rhythms

MeRIT：月经节律的交互式注释工具

• DOI: 10.1145/3543882.3543888
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Plaksin A

Modelle zur computergestützten Analyse von Überlieferungen der Mensuralmusik : Empirische Textforschung im Kontext phylogenetischer Verfahren

计算机化的模型对音乐音乐的分析：在上下文系统发育中的经验文本研究

• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Plaksin, Anna Viktoria Katrin