Delos Network

提洛斯网络

• 批准号: AH/R001340/1
• 负责人: Simon Richards
• 金额: $ 4.43万
• 依托单位: Loughborough University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FR001340%2F1
• 关键词: Delos; Network

In the past two decades, discussions about ecological impact and sustainability have come to prominence in the fields of architecture and urban planning. Architecture schools create new MA programs, such as 'landscape urbanism', and architectural theorists coin new terms, such as 'ecological urbanism', in their efforts to tackle the urgent environmental and demographic pressures of global urban developments. Such concerns have been epitomized recently by initiatives to re-designate the current era of geological time as the 'Anthropocene' - the epoch that began when human rather than natural phenomena started to have the major influence on the Earth's appearance and ecosystems. But these anxieties are not new.In the late 1950s the Greek architect-planner Constantinos Doxiadis and British planner Jaqueline Tyrwhitt sought solutions to similar problems by combining architecture, planning, technology and many other fields into a new science: 'ekistics'. This came to international prominence through a series of twelve symposia (the 'Delos Symposia', 1963-1975), ten of which convened aboard a yacht in the Aegean Sea and concluded on Delos island, and prefaced by an 'Ekistics Month' of activities and discussion in Athens. Many of what Time magazine called "brilliant, informed, influential people" but also "glamour intellectuals" (8th August 1969) participated in the symposia, including Margaret Mead, Barbara Ward, Conrad Waddington, Arnold Toynbee, Marshal McLuhan, Jean Gottmann and Buckminster Fuller to name a few, and featured extensively in international media, from gossip columns to academic journals. Their fame was in part fuelled by the elite cadre of yacht-bound 'Delians' shutting themselves of from the world in order to solve its problems and also to the outlandishness and wild optimism of their 'solutions': the terra-forming of other planets; public transport in nuclear powered submarines emitting 'harmless' co2; predictions on the transformative socio-behavioural effects should the then-incipient military communications networks be extended to civilian use - soon realized as the World Wide Web we know today. The global economic recession precipitated by the oil crisis of 1973 and Doxiadis' death two years later marked an end to the utopian aspirations and speculations of a generation of architects and planners descended from the 'Lawgivers' of CIAM, including not only the Delos group but also the Japanese Metabolist group with whom they were tangentially associated. A groundswell of architectural and planning opinion, sceptical of their world-saving goals, shifted towards more modest small-scale approaches to design. These late-Modernists were utterly eclipsed by the new architectural and planning orthodoxies and nowadays the intellectual agenda of the Delos Symposia and its repercussions in planning initiatives from the 1960s to today are little known, even among scholars. On one reading, the Delos moment is unique and strange, a last-gasp moment of optimism in the power of a self-appointed but disconnected elite with ludicrously ambitious plans. On another reading, the Delos moment is extraordinarily prescient and still relevant, pioneering new ways of thinking about the relationship between demographic, economic, health and natural-resource pressures at a global scale, combined with the latest construction developments, infrastructural and communication technologies, as well as with regional values, traditional techniques and local wisdom.This research network will bring together for the first time scholars who are currently looking into this fascinating but until now forgotten period of intellectual history, with a view not only to understanding its significance but also to address how the Delos debates compare with and feed into contemporary concerns about demographic pressures and environmental sustainability by architects, planners and others.

在过去的二十年中，关于生态影响和可持续性的讨论在建筑和城市规划领域日益受到重视。建筑学校创建了新的硕士课程，例如“景观城市主义”，建筑理论家创造了“生态城市主义”等新术语，以应对全球城市发展带来的紧迫环境和人口压力。最近，将当前地质时代重新指定为“人类世”的倡议集中体现了这种担忧，人类世是人类而非自然现象开始对地球外观和生态系统产生重大影响的时代。但这些焦虑并不新鲜。 20 世纪 50 年代末，希腊建筑师兼规划师 Constantinos Doxiadis 和英国规划师 Jaqueline Tyrwhitt 通过将建筑、规划、技术和许多其他领域结合成一门新科学：“生态学”来寻求类似问题的解决方案。这一活动通过一系列十二场研讨会（“提洛岛研讨会”，1963-1975）而在国际上引起关注，其中十场在爱琴海的一艘游艇上召开，并在提洛岛结束，并以在雅典举行的“生态学月”活动和讨论为序幕。许多被《时代》杂志称为“才华横溢、见多识广、有影响力的人”以及“魅力知识分子”（1969 年 8 月 8 日）的人都参加了这次研讨会，包括玛格丽特·米德、芭芭拉·沃德、康拉德·沃丁顿、阿诺德·汤因比、麦克卢汉元帅、让·戈特曼和巴克明斯特·富勒等，并在从八卦专栏到学术界的国际媒体上进行了广泛报道。 期刊。他们的名声在一定程度上是由于乘游艇的“提洛人”精英骨干与世隔绝以解决问题，以及他们的“解决方案”的古怪和疯狂乐观：改造其他行星；核动力潜艇的公共交通排放“无害”的二氧化碳；预测如果当时刚刚萌芽的军事通信网络扩展到民用，将会产生变革性的社会行为影响——很快就会成为我们今天所知的万维网。 1973 年石油危机引发的全球经济衰退以及两年后多希亚迪斯的去世，标志着 CIAM“立法者”后裔一代建筑师和规划师的乌托邦抱负和猜测的终结，这些建筑师和规划师不仅包括提洛派，还包括与他们关系不大的日本新陈代谢派。建筑和规划观点的风潮，对其拯救世界的目标持怀疑态度，转向更温和的小规模设计方法。这些晚期现代主义者完全被新的建筑和规划正统观念所掩盖，如今，提洛研讨会的学术议程及其对 20 世纪 60 年代至今的规划举措的影响甚至在学者中也鲜为人知。乍一看，提洛岛时刻是独特而奇怪的，这是一个自封但与世隔绝的精英拥有可笑的雄心勃勃的计划所带来的最后的乐观时刻。另一方面，提洛时刻极具先见之明，仍然具有现实意义，它开创了思考全球范围内人口、经济、健康和自然资源压力之间关系的新方式，并结合了最新的建筑发展、基础设施和通信技术，以及区域价值观、传统技术和当地智慧。该研究网络将首次汇集目前正在研究这一令人着迷但至今被遗忘的时期的学者。 思想史的研究，不仅是为了理解其重要性，也是为了解决提洛岛辩论如何与当代建筑师、规划师和其他人对人口压力和环境可持续性的担忧进行比较，并融入其中。