"Niches for Organic Territories in Bio-Augmented Design" - NOTBAD

怎样才能使有益的微生物以这样一种方式在物理上融入建筑物，以鼓励积极的健康效益，并阻止建筑物居住者、用户和设计师可能产生的潜在美学或文化异议？这是本项目旨在解决的主要问题。“生物增强设计中有机领域的利基”- NOTBAD，是一个跨学科的研究计划，汇集了一个在建筑，微生物学和抗菌素耐药性（AMR）方面具有专业知识的团队。该项目将探索一种新的方法，通过扭转灭菌的概念，鼓励其他良性有益微生物的生长，从而防止抗菌素耐药性微生物的传播。这将从概念验证研究开始，开发有益的生物接受混凝土作为室内材料，接种芽孢杆菌，通过防止抗菌素耐药性病原体的传播来减少抗菌素耐药性负担。这是该项目的主要目标的起点，旨在改变目前对清洁和与微生物的负面联系的态度，以便将来在建筑中应用这些生物材料，朝着健康的建筑发展。微生物学的进步和对人类微生物组的更好理解正在导致人们对医学领域丰富的微生物多样性对健康的效用的看法发生变化。医学界现在警告说，过量使用抗生素也会杀死有益微生物，从而有利于耐药菌株的形成。随着我们对建筑环境微生物组的理解通过科学研究得到改善，越来越清楚的是，建筑设计，包括材料选择和空间设计，在栖息在空间中的微生物类型中起着重要作用。然而，目前，在我们设计和建造建筑的方式上，并没有出现类似的观点转变。目前对微生物的消极态度和对清洁的偏好是历史和文化根深蒂固的。细菌理论的接受和19世纪的卫生革命促进了清洁和卫生作为疾病的解决方案。建筑物及其表面被视为微生物的繁殖地。灰尘和污垢意味着疾病，它们共同推动了现代主义运动对清洁的痴迷，这种痴迷今天仍然盛行，也是当前对微生物采取杀一死战态度的关键因素。随着设计师和建筑师开始将微生物组视为设计过程的一部分，需要转变观念，以扭转目前存在的杀一死战的心态，并促进和保持微生物多样性，作为减少抗菌素耐药性负担和潜在有益健康的策略。在项目期间，我们将采用科学方法进行迭代设计研究，以探索建筑中有益细菌生长的可行性、要求、环境利基和美学。这项工作的跨学科性质和向广泛受众传播将是朝着确保科学知识和数据的翻译能够为设计者所理解和使用迈出的一步。这有助于确保新的设计过程可以被定义，考虑到我们建筑物内微生物的构成，重要的是设计有利于人类/微生物相互作用的水平。最终的成果将是一系列的论文，一个包含复制和发展工作细节的项目维基，以及一个“生活厨房”的最终展览，其中包含有活的有益微生物的材料，作为激发我们对微生物和健康的理解的变化的试验台。

How can beneficial microbes be physically integrated into buildings in such a way as to encourage positive health benefits and discourage potential aesthetic or cultural objections that building occupants, users and designers might have? This is the primary question this project aims to address. "Niches for Organic Territories in Bio-Augmented Design" - NOTBAD, is an interdisciplinary research proposal that brings together a team with expertise in architecture, microbiology and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The project will explore a novel approach towards preventing the spread of AMR Microbes by reversing the notion of sterilisation and encouraging the growth of other benign, beneficial microbes that serve to outcompete them. This will begin with a proof of concept study to develop beneficial bioreceptive concrete as an indoor material which is inoculated with Bacillus spps that reduces AMR burden by preventing the spread of AMR pathogens. This serves as a starting point for the main aim of the project which gears towards changing current attitudes toward cleanliness and negative associations with microbes for future application of such living materials within architecture, towards healthy buildings.Advances in microbiology and improved understanding of the human microbiome is resulting in a change of opinion on the utility of a rich microbial diversity towards health within the medical field. The medical community now warns that overprescribing antibiotics also kills beneficial microbes which benefits the formation of resistant strains. As our understanding of the built environment microbiome improves through research in the sciences, it is becoming clear that the design of buildings, including material choice and spatial design plays a large role in the types of microorganisms that inhabit spaces. Yet currently, a similar shift in opinion has not occurred in the way we design and construct our buildings. Current negative attitudes to microbes and a preference for cleanliness are historically and culturally engrained. The acceptance of germ theory and the hygiene revolution of the 19th Century promoted cleanliness and hygiene as the solution to disease. Buildings and their surfaces were seen as breeding grounds for microbes. Dust and dirt meant illness, which all together became a driver of the modernist movement's obsession with cleanliness that still prevails today and is a key factor in the current kill all attitude to microbes. As designers and architects begin to consider the microbiome as part of the design process, as shift in perception is needed in order reverse the kill-all mentality that currently exists and to promote and maintain microbial diversity as a strategy to reduce AMR burden and as potentially beneficial for health.During the project we will undertake iterative design research alongside scientific methodologies to explore the feasibility, requirements, environmental niches and aesthetics for growing beneficial bacteria in buildings. The interdisciplinary nature of the work and dissemination to wide ranging audiences will be a step towards ensuring that translation of the scientific learning and data can become understandable and useable by designers. This serves to ensure that new design processes can be defined that consider the constitution of the microbes within our buildings and importantly design for beneficial levels of human/microbial interaction. The final outcomes will be a series of papers, a project Wiki with details for reproducing and developing the work and a final exhibition of a "Living Kitchen" containing materials with living, beneficial microbes as a test bed for instigating change in our understanding of microbes and health.