Sumak Kawsay and the Sustainable Development Agenda: Critical Debates and Creative Responses from a Latin American Indigenous Perspective

Sumak Kawsay 和可持续发展议程：拉丁美洲原住民视角的批判性辩论和创造性回应

• 批准号: AH/R004242/1
• 负责人: Thea Pitman
• 金额: $ 7.24万
• 依托单位: University of Leeds
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FR004242%2F1
• 关键词: Sumak; Kawsay; Sustainable; Development; Agenda

The United Nations Indigenous Peoples Major Group has expressed concerns regarding the ongoing potential for indigenous people's voices to be overlooked in the Sustainable Development Agenda, despite its aspirations to be inclusive (UNIPMG, 2015). The aim of this research network is to challenge these tendencies through an exploration of indigenous perspectives on sustainability and the use of creative means to express alternatives.'Sumak kawsay' is a Kichwa word meaning 'good living'. It has become hugely prominent in Latin America in recent years, featuring in the Ecuadorean and Bolivian constitutions since 2008 and 2009 respectively. Its basic principles include concern for the environment, peaceful communal living and the reduction of inequalities, both economic and social. While these principles might seem to align well with the discourse of sustainable development as expressed in the Sustainable Development Goals, from the perspective of indigenous communities, sumak kawsay should not be equated with the concept 'development', however sustainable. Instead, it offers a decolonial, post-developmentalist alternative approach to human civilisation and aspirations. As one prominent thinker has put it, '[sumak kawsay] helps us see the limits of current development models and it allows us to dream of alternatives' (Gudnyas).But sumak kawsay is not a global panacea either. Where it has been mainstreamed in Latin America, indigenous communities tend to feel that it has been usurped and used as a way to foist development upon them by making it sound like their voices are being heard in national fora. It also cannot be assumed that all indigenous communities understand sumak kawsay to mean the same thing, nor that sumak kawsay as understood by indigenous communities will automatically herald a state of perfect harmony and equality.The research network proposed here will focus on these issues in collaboration with indigenous communities in the Northeast of Brazil and the Southwest of Colombia; communities where there is a manifest appetite to address them. It addresses a gap in extant research on the subject by looking beyond Ecuador and Bolivia's mainstreaming of the concept and by seeking to dream of alternatives beyond the debates about sumak kawsay versus sustainable development. We intend to do this by networking our research across the academic/non-academic divide to pool critical resources, making this process manifest in the form of a multilingual 'affective cartography'. This will consist of a website that is a combination of research with art and activism (artivism) and that seeks to find a more egalitarian, subtle, multi-voiced way for the ideas that come out of the network to be expressed. It is not about fixing, defining or appropriating a given culture or its worldview, but about allowing for the expression of relationships and multiple perspectives, through whatever media seem most appropriate. We will seek to position this digital resource as a point of reference for other indigenous and marginalised communities across Latin America and the Anglophone world.The activities of the research network are built around on-going in-community events run by project coordinators in Brazil and Colombia, and two main in-community workshops bridging the academic/non-academic research divide. This will be complemented by three international symposia to be held at participating universities in Brazil, Colombia and the UK and open to all network members. The overall emphasis in the proposal on in-community work seeks to ensure that indigenous participants in the network remain the intellectual fulcrum of the project. The network will also publish its findings in a special issue of a prestigious peer-reviewed journal and keep a log of its activities through a project website.

联合国土著人民主要小组对土著人民的声音在可持续发展议程中被忽视的持续潜力表示关切，尽管它渴望具有包容性(联普政策小组，2015年)。这个研究网络的目的是通过探索土著对可持续发展的观点并使用创造性的手段来表达替代方案，来挑战这些倾向。近年来，它在拉丁美洲变得非常突出，分别自2008年和2009年以来出现在厄瓜多尔和玻利维亚的宪法中。其基本原则包括关注环境、和平的社区生活以及减少经济和社会不平等。虽然这些原则似乎与《可持续发展目标》中关于可持续发展的论述很一致，但从土著社区的角度来看，Sumak kawsay不应等同于‘发展’的概念，无论它是多么可持续。相反，它为人类文明和抱负提供了一种非殖民主义的、后发展主义的替代方法。正如一位著名的思想家所说，[Sumak kawsay]帮助我们看到了当前发展模式的局限性，它允许我们梦想替代模式(Gudnyas)。但Sumak kawsay也不是全球的灵丹妙药。在拉丁美洲将其纳入主流的地方，土著社区往往觉得它被篡夺，并被用来通过使其声音听起来像是在国家论坛上被听到而将发展强加给他们。也不能假设所有土著社区都理解Sumak kawsay是相同的意思，也不能假设土著社区理解的Sumak kawsay会自动预示着一个完美和谐与平等的状态。这里提议的研究网络将与巴西东北部和哥伦比亚西南部的土著社区合作，专注于这些问题，这些社区显然有解决这些问题的意愿。它通过超越厄瓜多尔和玻利维亚对这一概念的主流，并通过寻求超越关于Sumak kawsay与可持续发展的辩论的梦想，解决了这一主题现有研究的空白。我们打算通过将我们的研究跨越学术/非学术鸿沟来实现这一点，以汇集关键资源，使这一过程以多语言的“情感制图”的形式体现出来。这将由一个网站组成，该网站将研究与艺术和激进主义(艺术主义)相结合，寻求找到一种更平等、更微妙、更多声音的方式，让来自网络的想法得到表达。它不是关于固定、定义或挪用一种特定的文化或其世界观，而是允许通过任何看起来最合适的媒体来表达关系和多种观点。我们将努力将这一数字资源定位为拉丁美洲和英语世界其他土著和边缘化社区的参考点。研究网络的活动是围绕巴西和哥伦比亚的项目协调员正在进行的社区内活动建立的，以及两个主要的社区内研讨会，弥合学术/非学术研究的鸿沟。作为补充，将在巴西、哥伦比亚和英国的参与大学举办三次国际研讨会，并向所有网络成员开放。该提案对社区内工作的总体强调是为了确保网络中的土著参与者仍然是该项目的智力支点。该网络还将在著名同行评议期刊的特刊上发表其调查结果，并通过一个项目网站记录其活动。

项目成果

'Crise, lutas sociais e bem viver: perspectivas indígenas'

“危机、社会与活力：土著视角”

• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Revista Lugar Comum, dossier entitled 'Moitará', in Portuguese
• 作者: Salomão, C.

'O discurso dos vencidos: Walter Benjamin e a crise da noção de desenvolvimento'

“O discurso dos vencidos: Walter Benjamin e a crise da noção de desenvolvimento”

• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Revista Lugar Comum, dossier entitled 'Moitará', in Portuguese
• 作者: Salomão, C.

'Buen Vivir: Language, Creativity and Criticality'

“Buen Vivir：语言、创造力和批判性”

• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: 'Alternative Experiences', in Portuguese, Spanish, English, and French
• 作者: Pitman, T.

'Anomalística e os sentidos da quase morte no uso da ayahuasca na terapêutica'

“Anomalistica e os Sentidos da quase morte no uso da ayahuasca na terapàutica”

• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Revista Lugar Comum, dossier entitled 'Moitará', in Portuguese
• 作者: Campolina, A.G.

'Case Study: Indigenous Engagement, Research Partnerships, Knowledge Mobilisation in the GCRF-Funded Research Network "Sumak Kawsay and the Sustainable Development Agenda: Critical Perspectives and Creative Responses from a Latin American Indigenous Perspective"', ESRC/AHRC GCRF Indigenous Engagement programme

“案例研究：GCRF 资助的研究网络中的土著参与、研究伙伴关系、知识动员“Sumak Kawsay 和可持续发展议程：拉丁美洲土著视角的批判性观点和创造性回应”，ESRC/AHRC GCRF 土著参与计划

• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Nasa Community Members, Colombia;Pankararu;Tupinambá Community Members, Brazil
• 通讯作者: Tupinambá Community Members, Brazil