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Exploring Participatory Film-Making as a Development Method to address Gender Inequality in the Pacific

探索参与式电影制作作为解决太平洋地区性别不平等问题的发展方法

基本信息

批准号：
AH/R004323/1
负责人：
Tony Crook
金额：
$ 7.02万
依托单位：
University of St Andrews
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FR004323%2F1
关键词：
Exploring Participatory Film Making Development

项目摘要

Gender inequality in the Pacific is a serious challenge and a sensitive issue - and requires a culturally appropriate and joined-up development approach to support and drive the necessary social changes. The prevalence of violence against women in the Pacific region is among the highest in the world, whilst women's parliamentary participation is amongst the lowest in the world. Countries across the Pacific region have put in place policy strategies, legal frameworks and a raft of initiatives, but against their own and internationally accepted indicators there has been poor progress towards gender equality, despite the development cooperation efforts of many donors over several decades. Why is the current paradigm underpinning gender policy apparently ineffective in grasping the social actions that produce gender inequality in the Pacific? What are the cultural contexts shaping the contemporary situation? An emerging body of Pacific-made participatory documentary films has recently thrown new light on these problems by enabling communities to tell their own stories, in their own ways and through their own cultural terms. But we cannot assume that Pacific peoples' view visual representations as we might expect, nor that film technologies alone are able to access and to draw out ideas in the vernacular. Rather, research suggests that the design of participatory processes can enable people to analyse and to leverage social change in their own terms. How do these home-grown Pacific film projects fit with the history of community film-making and human rights activism? What are the key factors to development methods able to align with indigenous knowledge and Pacific protocols for communal relations?At the same time, legal and anthropological research suggests that current gender policies have recognisable origins in Euro-American folk models that reduce 'gender' to the taken-for-granted differences between men and women. But gender in the Pacific is not merely a matter of the biological differentiation of women and men: in their own analyses of events and actions, Pacific peoples point to the importance of differentiating whether a woman is acting as a mother, daughter, sister, cousin, wife, in-law and look to these particular social, collective and kinship relations. Alongside examining the conceptual and cultural assumptions that underpin the current gender policy paradigms, we will examine the dominant theories of change for levering 'individual' and 'societal' behaviour changes misunderstand the tenets of Pacific socialites. Is there a culturally appropriate way to promote rights-based issues such as gender inequality within a communal society? Film studies and ethnographic research each have distinctive ways of understanding how people engage and portray the world in their own cultural terms, and this project aims to bring these insights into dialogue. With PNG and Samoan film-makers' recent development of culturally effective participatory methods and ethnographic evidence that Pacific gender differentiates relational roles not biological difference, this international research network opens a new space for dialogue in which academics and non-academics can collaborate in re-thinking the current paradigms in development policy and practice.The proposed inter-disciplinary international research network will work by promoting sustained collaboration between researchers in the UK, Papua New Guinea and Samoa, by the use of video-conference research seminars, by analyzing the emerging genre of Pacific-made community films, by reviewing the literature on indigenous approaches and participatory methods, by involving Pacific film-makers and communities with experience of participatory film-making, and by series of workshop and impact engagement events across both regions - all with the objective of contributing to creative development methods to support the challenge of promoting gender equality in the Pacific.

太平洋地区的性别不平等是一个严峻的挑战和敏感问题，需要采取文化上适当的联合发展方法来支持和推动必要的社会变革。太平洋地区暴力侵害妇女行为的发生率是世界上最高的，而妇女议会参与率是世界上最低的。太平洋地区各国已经制定了政策战略、法律框架和一系列举措，但根据本国和国际公认的指标，尽管许多捐助者几十年来做出了发展合作努力，但在性别平等方面进展缓慢。为什么当前支撑性别政策的范式显然无法有效地把握导致太平洋地区性别不平等的社会行动？塑造当代形势的文化背景是什么？最近，一批新兴的太平洋地区制作的参与性纪录片让社区能够以自己的方式和文化术语讲述自己的故事，为这些问题提供了新的视角。但我们不能假设太平洋人民对视觉表现的看法如我们所期望的那样，也不能假设电影技术本身就能够获取并引出白话的想法。相反，研究表明，参与过程的设计可以使人们能够以自己的方式分析和利用社会变革。这些本土太平洋电影项目如何与社区电影制作和人权活动的历史相契合？能够与土著知识和太平洋社区关系协议相一致的发展方法的关键因素是什么？同时，法律和人类学研究表明，当前的性别政策可以追溯到欧美民间模式，这些模式将“性别”简化为男女之间理所当然的差异。但太平洋地区的性别不仅仅是女性和男性的生物学差异问题：太平洋人民在自己对事件和行动的分析中指出了区分女性是否扮演母亲、女儿、姐妹、表兄弟、妻子、姻亲的重要性，并关注这些特定的社会、集体和亲属关系。除了研究支撑当前性别政策范式的概念和文化假设之外，我们还将研究利用“个人”和“社会”行为改变的主导变革理论，这些理论误解了太平洋社会名流的信条。是否有一种文化上适当的方式来促进基于权利的问题，例如社区社会内的性别不平等？电影研究和民族志研究都有独特的方式来理解人们如何以自己的文化术语参与和描绘世界，该项目旨在将这些见解带入对话中。随着巴布亚新几内亚和萨摩亚电影制片人最近开发出文化上有效的参与方法，以及太平洋地区性别区分关系角色而不是生物差异的人种学证据，这个国际研究网络开辟了一个新的对话空间，学术界和非学术界可以合作重新思考当前发展政策和实践的范式。拟议的跨学科国际研究网络将通过促进英国研究人员之间的持续合作来发挥作用。巴布亚新几内亚和萨摩亚通过使用视频会议研究研讨会、分析太平洋制作的社区电影的新兴类型、回顾有关本土方法和参与性方法的文献、让太平洋电影制片人和具有参与式电影制作经验的社区参与、以及在两个地区举办一系列研讨会和影响力参与活动——所有这些的目标都是为支持这一挑战的创造性开发方法做出贡献促进太平洋地区的性别平等。