HOMEOSTATIC ORIGINS OF MOTIVATION

体液代谢的改变导致相对缺乏 水或钠的摄入会导致口渴和钠的补偿性增加 食欲，分别。 我研究的总目标是了解 这些驱动力的生理基础，以及它们与 对体内平衡的补充生理作用。 过去一年 我已经放弃了传统的口渴和钠的食欲的观点， 受到特定体液隔室变化的刺激，以及 现在从变化的角度来看待这些驱动力的刺激 它们引起神经元系统的活动，介导大脑唤醒。 已证明中央含儿茶酚胺神经元是 对行为激活至关重要，它是刺激 这些神经元在口渴时，提供了本模型， 动机 拟议研究的具体目标是评估 该模型通过确定（i）口渴刺激对活动的影响 中央儿茶酚胺能神经元，（ii）的重要性，升压和 治疗后大鼠中肾素-血管紧张素系统的致渴作用 与各种水肿剂，（iii）低血容量对口渴的影响 和钠食欲的绵羊，（iv）低血容量对饮水的影响 行为学和残余多巴胺能神经元活性的影响 多巴胺耗竭性脑损伤，和（v）低血容量对 维持血压和交感肾上腺的活性 大鼠外周交感神经切除后的系统。

Alterations in body fluid metabolism that result in relative deficiencies of water or sodium produce compensatory increases in thirst and sodium appetite, respectively. The general aim of my research is to understand the physiological bases for these drives, and their integration with complementary physiological contributions to homeostasis. In the past year I have abandoned the traditional view of thirst and sodium appetite as being stimulated by alterations in specific body fluid compartments, and now view the stimuli for these drives from the perspective of the changes they cause in the activity of neuronal systems mediating cerebral arousal. Central catecholamine-containing neurons have been demonstrated to be of critical importance to behavioral activation, and it is stimulation of these neurons during thirst that provides the present model for motivation. The specific aims of the proposed research are to evaluate this model by determining (i) the effect of thirst stimuli on activity in central catecholaminergic neurons, (ii) the importance of the pressor and dipsogenic effects of the renin-angiotensin system in rats after treatment with various hypotensive agents, (iii) the effects of hypovolemia on thirst and sodium appetite in sheep, (iv) the effects of hypovolemia on drinking behavior and on the activity of residual dopaminergic neurons in rats with dopamine-depleting brain lesions, and (v) the effects of hypovolemia on the maintenance of blood pressure and the activity of the sympathoadrenal system in rats after peripheral sympathectomy.