HOMEOSTATIC ORIGINS OF MOTIVATION

导致相对缺陷的体液代谢变化 水或钠会导致口渴和钠的补偿性增加 胃口分别为。我研究的总体目的是了解 这些驱动器的生理基础，以及它们与 对动态平衡的补充生理作用。在过去的一年 我已经摒弃了口渴和食欲的传统观点 受到特定体液隔间变化的刺激，以及 现在从变化的角度来看这些驱动力的刺激因素 它们导致调节大脑唤醒的神经系统的活动。 中枢儿茶酚胺神经元已被证明是 对行为激活至关重要，它是对 这些神经元在口渴时提供了目前的模型 动力。拟议研究的具体目的是评估 这个模型通过确定(I)口渴刺激对人体活动的影响。 中枢儿茶酚胺能神经元，(Ii)升压和 治疗后大鼠肾素-血管紧张素系统致糖尿病作用的研究 使用多种降压药，(Iii)低血容量对口渴的影响 和绵羊的食欲，(Iv)低血容量对饮酒的影响 大鼠行为学及残留多巴胺能神经元活性的变化 多巴胺耗竭脑损伤，以及(V)低血容量对 维持血压和交感肾上腺的活动 大鼠周围交感神经切除后的系统。

Alterations in body fluid metabolism that result in relative deficiencies of water or sodium produce compensatory increases in thirst and sodium appetite, respectively. The general aim of my research is to understand the physiological bases for these drives, and their integration with complementary physiological contributions to homeostasis. In the past year I have abandoned the traditional view of thirst and sodium appetite as being stimulated by alterations in specific body fluid compartments, and now view the stimuli for these drives from the perspective of the changes they cause in the activity of neuronal systems mediating cerebral arousal. Central catecholamine-containing neurons have been demonstrated to be of critical importance to behavioral activation, and it is stimulation of these neurons during thirst that provides the present model for motivation. The specific aims of the proposed research are to evaluate this model by determining (i) the effect of thirst stimuli on activity in central catecholaminergic neurons, (ii) the importance of the pressor and dipsogenic effects of the renin-angiotensin system in rats after treatment with various hypotensive agents, (iii) the effects of hypovolemia on thirst and sodium appetite in sheep, (iv) the effects of hypovolemia on drinking behavior and on the activity of residual dopaminergic neurons in rats with dopamine-depleting brain lesions, and (v) the effects of hypovolemia on the maintenance of blood pressure and the activity of the sympathoadrenal system in rats after peripheral sympathectomy.