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Mongolian Cosmopolitical Heritage: Tracing Divergent Healing Practices Across the Mongolian-Chinese Border

蒙古的世界政治遗产：追踪中蒙边境不同的治疗实践

基本信息

批准号：
AH/S006869/1
负责人：
David Sneath
金额：
$ 103.83万
依托单位：
University of Cambridge
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FS006869%2F1
关键词：
Mongolian Cosmopolitical Heritage Tracing Divergent

项目摘要

Recent years have witnessed a growing world-wide interest in the role of the arts and cultural heritage in cultivating health and wellbeing. In the UK, for instance, the All Party Parliamentary Group for the Arts, Health and Wellbeing published a comprehensive report in July 2017 on the lifetime benefits of arts in health, making key recommendations to political leaders and healthcare professionals. In international discourse, Tibetan medicinal bathing, an aspect of Tibetan Medicine (or Sowa Rigpa), has been entangled in a geopolitical rivalry between China and India, as the former applied to UNESCO in 2016 to register medicinal bathing as part of the nation's intangible cultural heritage, while India has sought to register the entire Sowa Rigpa tradition. This project seeks to ethnographically explore the politics of linking health and cultural heritage. More specifically, it aims to understand how the politics of culture affect health-related practices by asking: In what ways do geopolitical forces and national constructions of culture shape practices that influence health and wellbeing? Mongolia and China's Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region (IMAR) represent an ideal comparative case study to explore the impact of political, economic and historical forces on the shaping of healing practices. In each of these areas, disparate 20th and 21st century contexts influenced divergent re-appropriations of a common Mongolian cosmological heritage. This project will explore how shamanism and other 'alternative' healing practices, are cast as, and have come to be seen as, legitimate by practitioners, patients and the state. It offers the term 'cosmopolitical' to refer to the political principles of odering along which worlds are imagined and engaged. The project will explore the ways in which people navigate the multiple authorities on health and wellbeing that have become increasingly popular following the dismantling of state healthcare systems in both contexts, during a time typified by increasing difficulty in assessing medical treatment and widespread mistrust in medical professionals (see Turk 2018). The research will revolve around integrated, comparative analysis of healing practices at two key field sites within the Mongolian cultural region, selected for their divergent politico-economic contexts that impact healing practices: Tongliao municipality in China's IMAR and Mongolia, with a focus on Ulaanbaatar. The localized nuances in healing practices and everyday perceptions of them require sustained, long-term research afforded by ethnography. Fieldwork will include participant observation, semi-structured interview and patient/client survey, targeting patients, practitioners, healing techniques and inter-organizational and institutional relations among practitioner groups, clinics, and governmental institutions such as the Ministry of Public Health and local cadres. Photographic and film documentation will focus on healing techniques with a comparative aim set in historical context. Museums will provide crucial resources and insights for this project, especially given their increased mobilization in the fostering of health and wellbeing in the UK and elsewhere. Cambridge's Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology will provide an important resource to trace the role of national context in divergent re-appropriations of healing practices, as their collections predate the foundation of the modern Mongolian and Chinese nation-states. A publicly-available database of film and photography will be created from which to compare healing techniques set in historical context from resources from the MAA, and key museums and archives in Mongolia and Tongliao, IMAR.

近年来，全世界对艺术和文化遗产在促进健康和福祉方面的作用越来越感兴趣。例如，在英国，艺术、健康和福祉跨党派议会小组于2017年7月发布了一份关于艺术对健康的终身益处的综合报告，向政治领导人和医疗保健专业人员提出了重要建议。在国际话语中，藏医药浴，藏医（或Sowa Rigpa）的一个方面，一直纠缠在中国和印度之间的地缘政治竞争中，前者于2016年向联合国教科文组织申请将药浴注册为国家非物质文化遗产的一部分，而印度则试图注册整个Sowa Rigpa传统。该项目旨在从人种学角度探讨将健康与文化遗产联系起来的政治。更具体地说，它旨在了解文化政治如何影响与健康有关的做法，提出以下问题：地缘政治力量和国家文化建设以何种方式塑造影响健康和福祉的做法？蒙古和中国的内蒙古自治区（IMAR）是一个理想的比较案例研究，探讨政治，经济和历史力量对形成治疗实践的影响。在每一个领域，不同的20和21世纪的背景影响了不同的重新分配一个共同的蒙古宇宙学遗产。这个项目将探讨如何萨满教和其他'替代'治疗的做法，铸造，并已被视为，由从业者，病人和国家的合法性。它提供了“世界主义的”一词来指代沿着想象和参与的世界的排序的政治原则。该项目将探讨人们如何驾驭健康和福祉方面的多个权威机构，这些机构在这两种情况下都在国家医疗保健系统解体后变得越来越受欢迎，在这段时间里，评估医疗的难度越来越大，对医疗专业人员的不信任也越来越普遍（见Turk 2018）。该研究将围绕蒙古文化区域内两个关键实地地点的治疗实践进行综合、比较分析，这些地点是根据影响治疗实践的不同政治经济背景而选择的：中国内蒙古通辽市和蒙古，重点是乌兰巴托。当地的细微差别在治疗的做法和日常的看法，他们需要持续的，长期的研究所提供的民族志。实地工作将包括参与者观察、半结构化访谈和病人/客户调查，目标是病人、从业人员、治疗技术以及从业人员团体、诊所和政府机构（如公共卫生部和地方干部）之间的组织间和机构间关系。摄影和电影文献将侧重于治疗技术，并在历史背景下设定比较目标。博物馆将为该项目提供重要的资源和见解，特别是考虑到它们在促进英国和其他地方的健康和福祉方面的动员力度越来越大。剑桥的考古学和人类学博物馆将提供一个重要的资源来追踪民族背景在不同的重新分配治疗实践中的作用，因为他们的收藏早于现代蒙古和中国民族国家的基础。将建立一个公开的电影和摄影数据库，从该数据库中比较来自MAA资源的历史背景下的治疗技术，以及蒙古和通辽的主要博物馆和档案馆，IMAR。