Creating Safer Space: Strengthening Civilian Protection Amidst Violent Conflict

“创造更安全的空间”是一个为期四年的国际跨学科研究网络，它支持当地的民事进程，为受暴力冲突影响的社区以及与受暴力冲突影响的社区建立可持续的保护结构，使其免受人身伤害。该网络将受冲突影响的社区、保护从业者、学者、政策制定者和艺术家聚集在一起，共同致力于加强手无寸铁的保护做法的愿景，为处于暴力冲突中的社区和个人创造更安全的空间，提高他们的复原力水平，并帮助防止流离失所。根据联合国难民署的数据，目前因暴力冲突而被迫流离失所的人数达到创纪录的6850万人(难民署2019年)，在冲突中死亡的大部分是平民。这使得在战争中保护平民免遭人身伤害成为我们这个时代的紧迫问题。虽然国际社会承认需要保护，但平民的人身安全仍然几乎完全是联合国蓝盔等外部武装行为者的任务。该网络的独创性在于它侧重于由非武装行为者提供保护，并部署在社区的地方一级，无论是“外部”专家还是“内部/当地”保护行为者。手无寸铁的平民保护组织陪伴人权捍卫者，并通过他们的存在和主动参与战略阻止武装行为者对他们发动攻击。他们利用与武装和非武装冲突各方建立的关系网络，谈判将境内流离失所者安全送往安全营地，或将强行招募的青年带回家人身边。他们还监督停火和协议。此外，一些受暴力影响的社区通过建立和平社区和无武器区进行自我保护，在暴力冲突中为平民生活创造更安全的空间。目前有40多个国际非政府组织和越来越多的国家和地方组织在24个处于冲突中的国家开展保护工作，此外还有当地的自我保护举措。它们表明，平民在不使用或威胁使用武力的情况下保护平民，可以创造人身安全，甚至可以做得更多：通过提供榜样，不助长进一步的暴力，人民大会党可以帮助打破暴力循环，从而促进更长期的建设和平。初步研究表明，UCP可能往往比武装保护更有效，事实上，最新的联合国安理会和大会决议提到了UCP的潜力，表明思维发生了一些变化。“创造更安全的空间”旨在通过让广泛的利益相关者参与网络、能力建设、研究和影响活动，加强和扩大UCP的实践，围绕三个广泛的主题：a.了解暴力冲突中易受人身伤害的脆弱性：在需要保护的情况下，哪些不同类型的脆弱性以何种方式相互作用，它们需要哪些不同的保护战略？B.建立地方保护基础设施：外部保护战略和社区中的自我保护机制如何在不相互破坏的情况下共同努力，以获得最佳保护结果？C.发展平民保护能力：如何扩大非武装地方保护的规模/范围，并纳入新的行动者和合作伙伴，以保护更多的人免受暴力和流离失所，并发展更强的保护能力？为了解决这些问题，我们的网络为来自全球南北的学术和非学术合作伙伴提供了涉及三个方面的活动：联网和能力增强；合作和创新研究；知识分享和宣传。总而言之，这些活动旨在增加全世界受益于平民保护的人数。

"Creating Safer Space" is a four-year international, interdisciplinary research network, which supports local civilian processes that build sustainable structures of protection from physical harm for and with communities affected by violent conflict. The Network brings together conflict-affected communities, protection practitioners, academics, policymakers and artists to jointly work on the vision of enhancing unarmed protection practices, which create safer space for communities and individuals amidst violent conflict, raise their levels of resilience and help prevent displacement.According to the UN Refugee Agency, there are now a record high of 68.5 million people forcibly displaced by violent conflict (UNHCR 2019), and the majority of deaths in conflicts are among civilians. This makes the protection of civilians from physical harm in contexts of war a pressing issue of our time. While the international community has acknowledged the need for protection, the physical safety of civilians is still seen almost exclusively as a task of armed outside actors like UN blue helmets.The originality of this Network is its focus on protection provided by unarmed actors and deployed at the local level of communities, be it by "outside" specialists or "insider/local" protection actors. Unarmed civilian protection (UCP) organisations accompany human rights defenders and deter armed actors from carrying out attacks against them through their presence and proactive engagement strategies. They use networks of relationships built with armed and unarmed parties to a conflict to negotiate safe passage of internally displaced persons to a safe camp or to bring forcefully recruited youth back to their families. They also monitor ceasefires & agreements. Moreover, some violence-affected communities self-protect by setting up peace communities and weapons-free zones, creating safer space for civilian life amidst violent conflict.There are over 40 international NGOs and a growing number of national and local organisations currently undertaking protection work in 24 countries in conflict, in addition to local self-protection initiatives. They illustrate that the protection of civilians by civilians without the use or threat of force can work to create physical safety, and may even do more: by providing a role model, and by not fuelling further violence, UCP can help break cycles of violence and thus contribute to longer-term peacebuilding. Initial research has suggested that UCP may often be more effective than armed protection and indeed, latest UN Security Council and General Assembly resolutions mention the potential of UCP, indicating some change in thinking."Creating Safer Space" aims to enhance and broaden the practice of UCP by engaging a wide range of stakeholders in networking, capacity-building, research and impact activities around three broad themes:A. Understanding vulnerability to physical harm in violent conflict: Which different kinds of vulnerabilities interact in what ways in situations that require protection, and which different protection strategies do they require?B. Building local protection infrastructures: How can outside protection strategies and self-protection mechanisms in communities work together for best protection results and without undermining each other?C. Developing civilian protection capabilities: How can unarmed local protection be scaled up in size/scope and include new actors and collaborations with a view to protect more people from violence and displacement and develop stronger protection capacity?To address these questions, our Network delivers activities for academic and non-academic partners from the Global North and South across three strands of work: networking and capacity enhancement; collaborative and innovative research; and knowledge sharing and advocacy. Taken together, these activities aim to increase the number of people benefiting from civilian protection worldwide.