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Customary law in South Pacific marine resource governance: addressing gender inequity in achieving sustainable food security

南太平洋海洋资源治理的习惯法：解决性别不平等问题以实现可持续粮食安全

基本信息

批准号：
AH/T008385/1
负责人：
Susan Elizabeth Farran
金额：
$ 5.77万
依托单位：
Newcastle University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FT008385%2F1
关键词：
Customary law South Pacific marine

项目摘要

Focusing on Sustainable Development Goals 2, 5, 14 and 17, this proposal aims to address the global challenge of gender equity, poverty and food security linked to marine resources in the Pacific Islands of Fiji, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu, where gender inequality results in women's experiences, insights and narratives not being heard when traditional knowledge, custom and customary law are utilised to inform pluri-legal policies and sustainable management strategies for these resources. Yet women bear the greatest burden of providing food for their families. It is women in coastal villages who are engaged, on a daily basis, in activities such as reef harvesting and often fishing. It is they who experience first-hand the consequences of food insecurity. South Pacific island countries, all of which are LMIC (low or middle income countries) face many global challenges, not least the sustainable management of terrestrial and marine resources.These countries also have legal systems - largely as a result of colonialism, in which there are a number of sources of authority which govern the lives of Pacific Islanders and determine rights over land and coastal resources, including unwritten customary law and practices. The value of engaging with indigenous traditional knowledge, experience and practice in managing the use of marine resources has long been recognised at a local and regional level and increasingly acknowledged in international discourse. In the Pacific, especially in the Melanesian countries which are the focus of this proposal, gender-inequality is culturally and socially embedded so that when an holistic approach is being sought to address contemporary resource challenges it is usually men who speak and who give their version of customary law, which is then used to inform the management strategies that are supported by local and national government. Women's voices are not heard. This knowledge-gap has been clearly identified by the regional network: the Locally Managed Marine Areas Network (LMMA). This project aims to address that gap by providing an opportunity to hear women's voices by linking a network of women to that of the LMMA, empowering women through skills training to present their narratives and bringing these to the attention of policy makers in the region and the wider community, through the various outputs from the project, so that more inclusive approaches to marine resource management can be developed. This will be done by: 1. building on existing personal contacts with the University of the South Pacific (USP), the LMMA, NGOs and individual Pacific researchers to establish localised links through field work among coastal communities in Fiji, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu; 2. to then bring women delegates from the field work villages to a training and knowledge exchange workshop run at USP, in Fiji; 3. to fund a delegation of Pacific women drawn from the workshop, to attend and present their narratives to an international audience at the Commission on Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law conference, hosted in 2020, at the University of Queensland; 4. to publish outputs - in print, audio and visual recordings and workshop packages, and disseminate these to network participants, researchers and educational institutions, such as the University of the South Pacific, websites - such as that of the LMMA, and (as executive briefs, gender equity check lists and model questionnaires) to government ministries and departments engaged in developing policies for Blue/Green economies in line with national and regional agendas (for example the Blue Pacific agenda of the Pacific Forum). By making policy-makers aware of women's narratives, the aim of the project is to encourage those engaged in such policy making to audit their own gendered approaches to customary law in the context of marine resources and to build in-country capacity through contributing to existing initiatives of USP and the LMMA.

该提案以可持续发展目标2、5、14和17为重点，旨在解决太平洋岛屿斐济、所罗门群岛和瓦努阿图与海洋资源相关的性别平等、贫困和粮食安全等全球挑战。在这些岛屿上，性别不平等导致传统知识、习俗和习惯法被用于为这些资源的多元法律政策和可持续管理战略提供信息时，妇女的经验、见解和叙述被忽视。然而，妇女承担着为家庭提供食物的最大负担。沿海村庄的妇女每天从事诸如礁石捕捞和经常捕鱼等活动。正是他们亲身经历了粮食不安全的后果。南太平洋岛屿国家都是低收入或中等收入国家，它们面临着许多全球性挑战，尤其是陆地和海洋资源的可持续管理。这些国家也有法律制度- -主要是殖民主义的结果，其中有若干权威来源管理太平洋岛民的生活并决定对土地和沿海资源的权利，包括不成文的习惯法和惯例。利用土著传统知识、经验和实践管理海洋资源利用的价值早已在地方和区域一级得到承认，并日益在国际讨论中得到承认。在太平洋地区，特别是作为本提案重点的美拉尼西亚国家，性别不平等在文化和社会上根深蒂固，因此，当寻求一种整体方法来解决当代资源挑战时，通常是男性发言并给出他们的习惯法版本，然后用于地方和国家政府支持的管理战略。女性的声音没有被倾听。这一知识差距已被区域网络：地方管理海洋区域网络（LMMA）清楚地识别出来。本项目旨在通过将妇女网络与海洋资源管理协会的网络联系起来，提供一个倾听妇女声音的机会，通过技能培训赋予妇女权力，使她们能够讲述自己的故事，并通过项目的各种产出引起该地区和更广泛社区决策者的注意，从而制定更具包容性的海洋资源管理方法，从而解决这一差距。这将通过：1；利用与南太平洋大学（USP）、南太平洋岛屿管理协会、非政府组织和太平洋研究人员个人的现有个人联系，通过在斐济、所罗门群岛和瓦努阿图沿海社区之间的实地工作建立地方联系；2. 然后让来自实地工作村的妇女代表参加在斐济USP举办的培训和知识交流讲习班；3. 资助从讲习班中选出的太平洋妇女代表团，参加2020年在昆士兰大学举办的法律多元化和非正式法律委员会会议，并向国际观众介绍她们的叙述；4. 以印刷品、音像制品和讲习班材料的形式出版产出，并将这些产出分发给网络参与者、研究人员和教育机构，如南太平洋大学、网站，如南太平洋海事协会的网站，以及（作为执行简报）；性别平等检查清单和示范问卷)分发给参与根据国家和区域议程（例如太平洋论坛的蓝色太平洋议程）制定蓝色/绿色经济政策的政府各部和部门。通过使决策者意识到妇女的叙述，该项目的目的是鼓励那些参与这种政策制定的人在海洋资源的背景下审查他们自己对习惯法的性别方法，并通过促进USP和LMMA的现有倡议来建立国内能力。