COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE NORMAL AND INFLAMED PLEURA

胸腔积液常合并炎性或 传染病。以肺炎患者为例， 40%的人会出现积液，这会损害肺功能 并增加发病率。这项关于人的生理学的研究 正常和发炎的胸膜将检查这些因素 对于过滤和间隙的不平衡，导致 液体的堆积。物种间的比较方法 不同脏腑胸膜会理清亲缘关系 内脏胸膜和壁胸膜在胸膜清除中的作用 积液。其他研究将集中在淋巴功能上。 正常的胸膜生理学检查将包括测定 1)液体体积，2)蛋白质过滤(示踪动力学)，3) 液体和蛋白质的清除率(人工 胸腔积液)，以及4)淋巴清除和途径(通过 粒子清晰度、伽马成像)。 发炎的胸膜检查将包括1) 蛋白质滤过率(示踪动力学)，2)液体和 蛋白质清除(人工胸水)，3)反应 内脏胸膜和壁胸膜(血管标记、组织学、 放射性标记微球)，以及介体的贡献 和细胞形成的积液(抑制和耗竭 研究)。 候选人是诺曼·斯陶布实验室的一名肺部研究员， 她已经很熟悉大部分的实验了 求婚。她曾做过涉及示踪剂的实验 人工胸水的动力学、清晰度和测量 稀释后的体积。她对肺病有很长的兴趣 有研究的愿望，也有研究的潜力 职业生涯。 旧金山总医院与心血管 研究所拥有一流的设施和人员， 做好了支持这项研究的准备。

Pleural effusions frequently complicate inflammatory or infectious diseases. Of patients with pneumonia, for instance, 40% develop an effusion, which can impair pulmonary function and increase morbidity. This study of the physiology of the normal and inflamed pleura will examine those factors responsible for the imbalance of filtration and clearance which cause the accumulation of liquid. A comparative approach between species with different visceral pleuras will sort out the relative contribution of the visceral and parietal pleuras to clearance of effusions. Additional studies will center on lymphatic function. Normal pleural physiology studies will include the determination of the 1) liquid volume, 2) protein filtration (by tracer kinetics), 3) rate of clearance of liquid and protein (by artificial hydrothoraces), and 4) lymphatic clearance and pathways (by particle clearance, gamma imaging). Inflamed pleural studies will include the determination of the 1) protein filtration rate (by tracer kinetics), 2) rate of liquid and protein clearance (of artificial hydrothoraces), 3) response of the visceral and parietal pleuras (vascular labeling, histology, radiolabeled microspheres), and the 4) contribution of mediators and cells in formation of the effusion (inhibitor and depletion studies). The candidate, a pulmonary fellow in Norman Staub's laboratory, is already well acquainted with most of the experiments she proposes. She has performed experiments involving tracer kinetics, clearance of artificial hydrothoraces, and measurement of volume by dilution. She has had a long interest in pulmonary research and has both the desire and the potential for a research career. The San Francisco General Hospital and the Cardiovascular Research Institute have excellent facilities and personnel and are well equipped to support this research.