RESEARCH/TRAINING IN OCULAR MOTOR NEUROPHYSIOLOGY

眼运动神经生理学研究/培训

• 批准号: 3086782
• 负责人: HELEN BRONTE-STEWART
• 金额: $ 7.43万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-08-01 至 1993-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3086782
• 关键词: Macaca mulatta; brain stem; cerebellar Purkinje cell; cerebellum; electrophysiology; electrostimulus; eye movements; head movements; imagery; interneurons; motor neurons; neural plasticity; neurophysiology; reflex; retina; stimulus /response; synapses; vestibular apparatus; vestibuloocular reflex; visceral afferent nerve

We propose a program that includes both training and research for a Neurologies who has completed residency and whose career goals require training in basis research on motor systems. TRAINING will consist of a firm hands-on grounding in research on the ocular motor system as well as participation in the courses and functions of the Neuroscience Graduate Program at UCSF that are relevant for work on the central nervous system. It will encompass the relevant courses given at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories, and selected short-courses at meetings such as the Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience. RESEARCH will involve studies of visually-guided motor learning (plasticity) in the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) of behaving monkeys. The VOR is a simple form of movement whose function is to ensure a stable retinal image during head rotations by generating compensatory eye movements. As an open-loop control system, it requires independent calibration. When the visual input associated with head movement is altered for example by magnifying or reducing spectacles, the VOR undergoes long-term adaptive changes, so as to reduce the degree of slip retinal images during head turns. The long-term goal of the research is to understand the neural basis for motor learning in the VOR. An understanding of this process in the VOR should provide insights into the learning of motor skills in general, and may be useful in designing therapies for adults who must relearn motor skills after strokes or other brain damage. The proposed experiments will evoke motor learning in the VOR AND look for changes in the responses of CNS neurons in VOR pathways to single-shock electrical stimuli applied to the vestibular apparatus. Neurons also will be categorized according to how they discharge during eye movement, and according to whether they are inhibited at monosynaptic latencies by single-shock electrical stimulation of the flocculus of the cerebellum. Attention will focus on 3 groups of cells: 1) interneurons in the disynaptic VOR pathways. 2) a separate group of cells that is inhibited from the flocculus and 3) purkinje cells in the flocculus. Conducting the same experiment on the same groups of cells before and after motor learning in the VOR will reveal specific neurons that show a change in the short-latency responses to single-shock electrical stimulation of the vestibular apparatus. Performing the experiment on several groups of cells should enable us to identify the site of motor learning the VOR.

我们提出了一个既包括培训又包括研究的计划 一位已完成住院医师工作并有职业目标的神经科医生 需要接受发动机系统基础研究方面的培训。培训将会 在眼科研究方面有坚实的实践基础 运动系统以及参与课程和功能 加州大学旧金山分校神经科学研究生项目的 研究中枢神经系统。它将包含相关的 在冷泉港实验室开设的课程，并精选 在诸如学会年会之类的会议上举办短期课程 为神经科学服务。 研究将涉及视觉引导运动学习的研究 (可塑性)在行为的前庭-眼反射(VOR) 猴子。VOR是一种简单的运动形式，其功能是 为了确保头部旋转期间稳定的视网膜图像，请通过 产生补偿性眼球运动。作为开环控制 系统，它需要独立校准。当视觉输入 例如通过放大来改变与头部移动相关联的 或减少眼镜，VOR经历长期适应 改变，从而减少视网膜图像的滑动程度 转过头来。这项研究的长期目标是了解 VOR中运动学习的神经基础。一种理解 在VOR中的这一过程应该提供对 学习一般的运动技能，并可能在设计中有用 中风后必须重新学习运动技能的成年人的治疗 或其他脑损伤。 拟议的实验将唤起VOR和VOR中的运动学习 寻找VOR通路中CNS神经元反应的变化 对前庭施加单次电击刺激 仪器。神经元也将根据它们的方式进行分类 在眼球运动期间的放电，并根据他们是否 在单突触潜伏期被单次电击抑制 刺激小脑的小叶。注意力将会 聚焦于三组细胞：1)双突触VOR中的中间神经元 小路。2)一组单独的细胞，它被禁止 (3)小叶内的浦肯野细胞。进行 运动前后同一组细胞的相同实验 在VOR中的学习将揭示显示变化的特定神经元 在对单次电击的短潜伏期反应中 刺激前庭器官。正在进行实验 在几组细胞上应该能让我们识别出 运动学习的VOR。