Improving survivor-informed support for trafficked children and young people - it's a long-term commitment

确保在现代奴隶制中幸存下来的儿童和年轻人获得更好的结果，是英国面临的一项重大而紧迫的挑战。在截至2019年3月的一年里，英国各地有3000多名无人陪伴的儿童申请庇护（英国内政部2019年），2020年夏天在海峡过境点附近发生的事件表明，仅肯特郡就有400多名新移民。数据表明，大约40%的无人陪伴儿童有被贩卖和剥削的迹象（苏格兰监护服务）。如果没有适当的、以儿童为中心的、可采取行动的政策和干预措施，在儿童未来的整个道路上都是有效的，就可能继续面临被拉回剥削环境的威胁。虽然研究充分记录了失散儿童的剥削经历和即时支助需求，但关于贩运儿童受害者/幸存者中期和特别是长期轨迹的证据有限。对支助的大多数评价侧重于贩运的故事和查明后立即的需求。一旦儿童和年轻人过了这个阶段，人们对他们的关注就会减弱。迄今为止，没有更广泛的研究专门调查受害者/幸存者的长期需要，或考虑到服务的潜在效力和可持续性。缺乏证据限制了规划和提供有效服务的政策和实践努力。因此，迫切需要应对这一挑战并填补这一知识空白。拟议的研究旨在解决这一确切的政策和实践挑战以及知识差距。它超越了以往研究的时间框架，探索了短期、中期和长期的康复经验，直接涉及在英国安家的儿童和年轻人。我们将以三种方式做到这一点。首先，我们将使用苏格兰监护服务（SGS）的数据，该服务成立于2010年，旨在为所有抵达苏格兰的无人陪伴寻求庇护的儿童提供支持，特别关注人口贩运受害者。苏格兰支持被贩卖儿童的做法已被公认为以儿童为中心、以人权为基础的做法的良好范例，但人们对这些服务的长期有效性和可持续性知之甚少。我们将以SGS为媒介，利用10年来在对移民日益敌对的移民环境中提供的支持和倡导，而无需对儿童和年轻人进行进一步的、可能造成创伤的采访，了解他们的受剥削经历。其次，我们会采访正在接受或已经接受短期、中期和长期支持的受害者/幸存者。我们将询问他们在康复的相关阶段的需求和选择，他们得到的支持以及康复对他们意味着什么。这些访谈将侧重于服务的体验，而不是剥削。同样，我们将采访支持受害者/幸存者的专业人士，包括警察局、SGS工作人员、社会工作者、教育工作者和寄养人员。我们会询问他们儿童和青少年在不同阶段的需求，服务提供的支持，以及康复对他们意味着什么。第三，我们将与年轻人和其他人合作，使用创造性的方法，从不同的角度共同创作关于康复的叙述。基于这些叙述的资源，包括动画和案例研究，将侧重于帮助或阻碍儿童和青少年在不同阶段茁壮成长的能力。随着英国被拐卖儿童数量的增加，至关重要的是，他们面临的独特挑战不能再一次被忽视。更有力的证据基础和更长的时间框架将更好地为政策和提供服务提供信息。在年轻人见解的指导下，研究结果将解决在新国家繁荣发展过程中支持、恢复和结果的长期性质。

Ensuring better outcomes for children and young people who survive modern slavery is a major and urgent challenge facing the UK. Across the UK over 3,000 unaccompanied children claimed asylum in the year to March 2019 (Home Office 2019) and events in summer 2020 around channel crossings indicate upwards of 400 new arrivals in Kent alone. Data suggests that approximately 40% of unaccompanied children evidence indicators of trafficking and exploitation (Scottish Guardianship Services). Without appropriate child-centred, actionable policies and interventions that are effective throughout a child's future pathways, there may be a continued threat of being drawn back into exploitative circumstances.While the exploitation experiences and immediate support needs of separated children are well documented in research, the evidence base on child trafficking victims/survivors' medium and especially longer-term trajectories is limited. The majority of evaluations of support focus on stories of trafficking and needs immediately after identification. Once children and young people move beyond this stage, the spotlight on them recedes. To date, no wider study has specifically investigated victims/survivors' longer-term needs or considered the potential effectiveness and sustainability of services. This lack of evidence is restricting policy and practice efforts to plan and provide effective services. Consequently, there is an urgent need to address this challenge and fill this knowledge gap.The proposed study is designed to address this exact policy and practice challenge and knowledge gap. It moves beyond the timeframe of previous research to explore short, medium and long term experiences of recovery, directly involving children and young people who have made their homes in the UK. We will do this in three ways. First, we will use data from the Scottish Guardianship service (SGS), established in 2010 to provide support for all unaccompanied asylum-seeking children arriving in Scotland, with a particular focus on victims of trafficking. The Scottish approach to support for trafficked children has been recognised as a good exemplar of a child centred, human rights-based practice, but little is known about the long-term effectiveness and sustainability of these services. Using SGS as a vehicle, we will draw on 10 years' of support and advocacy delivered in an increasingly hostile immigration environment for migrants, without the need for further, potentially traumatic, interviews of children and young people on their exploitative experiences. Second, we will interview victims/survivors who are receiving or have received short, medium and long term support. We will ask them about their needs and choices at relevant stages of their recovery, the support they received and what recovery means to them. These interviews will focus on experience of services rather than of exploitation. Similarly, we will interview professionals who support victims/survivors, including police offices, SGS workers, social workers, educators and foster carers. We will ask them about children and young people's needs at different stages, the support that services provide and what recovery means to them.Third, we will work with young people and others using creative methods to co-produce narratives of recovery from different perspectives. Resources based on these narratives, including an animation and case studies, will focus on what helps or hinders children and young people's capacity to thrive at different stages. As the numbers of trafficked children identified across the UK rise, it is vital that the unique challenges they face are not once again overlooked. A stronger evidence base, with an extended timeframe, will better inform policy and provision of services. Guided by the insights of young people, study findings will address the longer term nature of support, recovery and outcomes on the journey to thriving in a new country.