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Pacific Voicings: Korean Hymns and Prayers in the Age of Empires, 1884-1945

太平洋之声：帝国时代的韩国赞美诗和祈祷，1884-1945

基本信息

批准号：
AH/V013157/1
负责人：
Hyun Kyong Chang
金额：
$ 22.84万
依托单位：
University of Sheffield
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2021 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FV013157%2F1
关键词：
Pacific Voicings Korean Hymns Prayers

项目摘要

The dissemination and practice of Christianity were strictly banned in Korea until the late nineteenth century, but by the end of the twentieth century Protestant Christianity was the most popular religion in this country. The seeds of what has been dubbed "the Korean miracle" were planted by Anglo-American missionaries from the United States, who took on months-long voyages to reach Korea from the 1880s to the 1920s. As historians have demonstrated in recent years, American missionaries in Korea emblematised and contributed to the Pacific expansionism of the United States. They aimed not only to convert the "natives" but also to enforce the moral, cultural, and economic transformation of the human as part of a "civilising mission." However, my research proposes that such characterisations of the mission fail to capture the complex workings of the transnational diffusion of religion and minimise the opportunity for locating agency in local actors. While the mission had considerable success in sanctioning a range of US interests and ideologies in Korea, the religious and secular practices that formed among the early local converts were also framed by local experiences of Pacific colonialisms and existing socio-cultural heterogeneity.This research project aims to provide a fuller account of early Christian life in Korea. It not only examines the cultural projects of North American missionaries in Korea, but it also seeks to explore the ways in which Koreans experienced, appropriated, and renegotiated the 'new' religion by reassessing Korean Christianity through the lens of singing and praying. The missionary community in Korea sought to recreate Western-style songs (e.g., hymns, children's songs, choral music) and improvised prayers as everyday religious practice among Koreans. For them, hymn singing and audible prayers were signs of personal authenticity and social intimacy, privileged values within late-nineteenth-century American evangelicalism. Missionary and Korean Christian writings from the 1890s to the 1940s tell us that many Korean Christians embraced these vocal practices as they participated in an expanding range of religious and para-religious meetings, including tent revivals, bible studies, school rallies, music concerts, Sunday school sessions, and mutual aid gatherings. My research project will provide a comprehensive documentation of singing and praying at these activities. And more importantly, it will explore how the new vocal forms practised in these activities interacted with particular conceptions of modernity that circulated in early-twentieth-century Korea. There are good reasons to suggest that praying and singing in early-twentieth-century Korea were connected to broader ideologies. Since the late nineteenth century, Korea was undergoing radical social reorganisation due to the incursion of two Pacific empires - the United States and Japan. The United States operated religious, medical, and humanitarian projects in Korea and opened Korea for trade. Japan fought expansionist wars on Korean land (the Sino-Japanese War, 1894-5; the Russo-Japanese War, 1904-5) and formally colonised Korea in 1910, an occupation that lasted until 1945. As these empires exerted more influence on Korea (and elsewhere in the Asia Pacific region), local discourse and practice surrounding what it means to be a person and a community also changed. Thus, I will explore relationships among everyday rituals of religion, local experiences of modern Pacific empires, and discourses of modernity. In summary, the following questions will be addressed in my project: -What kinds of religious activities did the American missionaries promote in Korea? Why?-How did Koreans of different backgrounds experience and appropriate forms of voicing introduced by the missionaries? -How can we theorise the relationship between colonialism and vocalisation by building on an illustrative case of colonial-modern Pacific history?

直到世纪末，基督教的传播和实践在朝鲜被严格禁止，但到了20世纪世纪末，新教基督教是这个国家最受欢迎的宗教。被称为“朝鲜奇迹”的种子是由来自美国的英美传教士种下的，他们从19世纪80年代到20世纪20年代进行了长达数月的航行到达朝鲜。正如历史学家近年来所证明的那样，在朝鲜的美国传教士象征并促进了美国的太平洋扩张主义。他们的目标不仅是改变“土著”的信仰，而且是作为“文明使命”的一部分，对人类进行道德、文化和经济上的改造。“然而，我的研究表明，这种使命的特征未能捕捉到宗教跨国传播的复杂运作，并最大限度地减少了在当地行动者中定位代理的机会。虽然该使命在制裁韩国的一系列美国利益和意识形态方面取得了相当大的成功，但早期当地皈依者的宗教和世俗实践也受到太平洋殖民主义和现有社会文化异质性的影响。它不仅考察了在韩国的北美传教士的文化项目，但它也试图探索的方式，韩国人的经验，挪用，并通过重新评估韩国基督教通过歌唱和祈祷的透镜重新谈判的“新”宗教。韩国的传教士团体试图重现西方风格的歌曲（例如，在韩国，人们将诗歌（赞美诗、儿童歌曲、合唱音乐）和即兴祈祷作为日常宗教活动。对他们来说，唱赞美诗和听得见的祈祷是个人真实性和社会亲密性的标志，是世纪后期美国福音派的特权价值观。从19世纪90年代到1940年代的传教士和韩国基督教著作告诉我们，许多韩国基督徒在参加越来越多的宗教和准宗教会议时，接受了这些发声的做法，包括帐篷复兴，圣经研究，学校集会，音乐会，主日学校会议和互助聚会。我的研究项目将提供在这些活动中唱歌和祈祷的全面文件。更重要的是，它将探讨在这些活动中实践的新的声乐形式如何与世纪初韩国流行的现代性的特定概念相互作用。有充分的理由表明，在世纪早期的朝鲜，祈祷和唱歌与更广泛的意识形态有关。自19世纪末以来，由于美国和日本这两个太平洋帝国的入侵，朝鲜正在经历彻底的社会重组。美国在朝鲜开展宗教、医疗和人道主义项目，并开放朝鲜的贸易。日本在朝鲜土地上进行扩张主义战争（1894- 1895年的中日战争; 1904- 1905年的日俄战争），并于1910年正式殖民朝鲜，占领一直持续到1945年。随着这些帝国对韩国（以及亚太地区的其他地方）施加更大的影响，围绕着作为一个人和一个社区意味着什么的当地话语和实践也发生了变化。因此，我将探讨宗教的日常仪式，现代太平洋帝国的地方经验，和现代性的话语之间的关系。总之，我的项目将解决以下问题：-美国传教士在韩国促进了什么样的宗教活动？为什么？不同背景的韩国人如何体验传教士介绍的适当的发声形式？- 我们如何通过建立一个殖民-现代太平洋历史的说明性案例来理论化殖民主义和发声之间的关系？