Typhoid, Cockles, and Terrorism: The turbulent history of Anglo-Irish typhoid control in revolutionary Dublin

伤寒、鸟蛤和恐怖主义：革命都柏林的英爱伤寒控制的动荡历史

• 批准号: AH/W002035/1
• 负责人: Samantha Vanderslott
• 金额: $ 36万
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FW002035%2F1
• 关键词: Typhoid; Cockles; Terrorism; turbulent; history

Typhoid, Cockles, and Terrorism uncovers the intimate connection between imperial and revolutionary public health politics in 20th century Dublin. Our project anchors and expands a multi-award winning Anglo-Irish research collaboration on the international history of typhoid and uses digital humanities approaches to:a) conduct innovative research on the (post)colonial politics of Anglo-Irish public health and typhoid control in Dublin.b) design a major blended physical/digital exhibition and educational resources on Dublin's enteric past, and c) create a pioneering open access database of spatially coded historical disease, environmental, and infrastructural data.Our project explores the impact and limits of imperial sanitary and microbiological interventions in the turbulent context of colonial and revolutionary Ireland. Forthcoming research by our named postdoc, Emily Webster (University of Chicago), indicates that cities like Dublin and Belfast struggled with typhoid fever epidemics well into the twentieth century despite adopting water and sewer systems modelled on the metropolitan design of London and comparable regulations of food and milk supplies. We will use a mix of historical and digital humanities methods to analyse and digitise historical disease data, medical correspondence, cultural ephemera, infrastructural records, and meteorological data to understand why British bacteriological and sanitary interventions proved impractical in Dublin and how they were perceived by local populations. We will focus specifically on how a London-inspired sewage system inadvertently contaminated Dublin's shellfish banks, which were an important source of sustenance for poorer segments of the population, the effects of limited investment in public health laboratory capacity, and how a local mental asylum was used to test English-developed typhoid vaccines. Imperial public health politics had long-term consequences. Over time, British authorities' relative neglect of Irish public health became a rallying cry for supporters of Irish independence. Our project explores how Irish revolutionaries argued for better preventive action against typhoid but were also implicated in one of the earliest bioterrorism scares when Sinn Féin was accused of trying to contaminate the milk supply of British troops with typhoid in 1920. Even after independence was achieved, imperial legacies remained in the form of sanitary infrastructures and a pronounced public health focus on Catholic hygiene habits and religious practices - including shellfish consumption at wakes. Our research will create an important academic legacy in the form of a tailor-made open access database of geospatially coded disease, infrastructural, hydrological, and meteorological data as well as typhoid-related cultural ephemera. We will also design an innovative blended physical-digital exhibition on typhoid in Dublin. The exhibition will be hosted at Dublin City Library and Archive (DCLA) and the Royal College of Physicians in Ireland (RCPI). It will feature documents and objects relating to the city's infectious past. We will draw on the success of our multi-award winning international Typhoidland exhibitions to design cutting-edge animations and virtual tours of typhoid prevalence and sanitary interventions over time as well as educational resources and games on vaccine development and hygiene (Mary Mallon's Cooking Class/ Sir Almost Right's Vaccine Lab). All outputs will be made available open access on our www.typhoidland.org website and will be integrated into our museum partners' well-developed outreach programs for schools and local audiences. By reconstructing the turbulent history of typhoid control in 20th century Dublin, Typhoid, Cockles, and Terrorism will make significant contributions to research and engage audiences from all age groups on the importance of equitable access to effective sanitary infrastructure and vaccines.

伤寒、鸡和恐怖主义揭示了20世纪都柏林帝国和革命公共卫生政治之间的密切联系。我们的项目支撑并扩展了多次获奖的英爱伤寒国际历史研究合作，并使用数字人文方法来：a)对英爱公共卫生和都柏林伤寒控制的(后)殖民政治进行创新研究。b)设计一个关于都柏林肠道历史的大型混合物理/数字展览和教育资源，以及c)创建一个开创性的开放访问数据库，其中包括空间编码的历史疾病、环境和基础设施数据。我们的项目探索帝国卫生和微生物干预在殖民和革命爱尔兰动荡背景下的影响和限制。我们命名的博士后艾米丽·韦伯斯特(Emily Webster)(芝加哥大学)即将进行的研究表明，尽管都柏林和贝尔法斯特等城市仿照伦敦的大都市设计以及类似的食品和牛奶供应法规，但直到20世纪仍在与伤寒疫情作斗争。我们将使用历史和数字人文方法的组合来分析和数字化历史疾病数据、医疗信件、文化星历、基础设施记录和气象数据，以了解为什么英国的细菌学和卫生干预在都柏林被证明是不切实际的，以及当地人如何看待它们。我们将特别关注以伦敦为灵感的污水系统如何无意中污染都柏林的贝类银行，这些银行是都柏林较贫穷人口的重要食物来源，公共卫生实验室能力投资有限的影响，以及当地精神病院如何被用来测试英国开发的伤寒疫苗。帝国公共卫生政治产生了长期后果。随着时间的推移，英国当局对爱尔兰公共卫生的相对忽视成为爱尔兰独立支持者的战斗口号。我们的项目探讨了爱尔兰革命者如何主张采取更好的预防措施来预防伤寒，但也卷入了最早的生物恐怖主义恐慌之一，当时新芬党被控在1920年试图用伤寒污染英国军队的牛奶供应。即使在获得独立后，帝国的遗产仍然是卫生基础设施的形式，以及对天主教卫生习惯和宗教习俗的明显公共卫生关注--包括在醒来时食用贝类。我们的研究将创造一项重要的学术遗产，建立一个定制的开放获取数据库，其中包括地球空间编码的疾病、基础设施、水文和气象数据以及与伤寒相关的文化星历。我们还将在都柏林设计一个创新的伤寒物理-数字混合展览。展览将在都柏林城市图书馆和档案馆(DCLA)和爱尔兰皇家医学院(RCPI)举办。它将展示与这座城市具有感染力的过去有关的文件和物品。我们将利用我们多次获奖的国际伤寒展览的成功经验，设计伤寒流行和卫生干预随时间推移的尖端动画和虚拟旅游，以及关于疫苗开发和卫生的教育资源和游戏(Mary Mallon的烹饪课/先生的几乎正确的疫苗实验室)。所有的成果将在我们的www.tytyidland.org网站上开放获取，并将被整合到我们的博物馆合作伙伴为学校和当地观众精心开发的外展计划中。通过重建20世纪都柏林伤寒控制的动荡历史，伤寒、贝尔斯和恐怖主义将对研究做出重大贡献，并让所有年龄段的受众了解公平获得有效卫生基础设施和疫苗的重要性。

项目成果

Representation of ethnic and racial minority groups in European vaccine trials: a quantitative analysis of clinical trials registries

欧洲疫苗试验中少数族裔和种族群体的代表性：临床试验注册的定量分析

• DOI: 10.1136/bmjph-2023-000042
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: BMJ Public Health
• 作者: Puttick N

Between paternalism and illegality: a longitudinal analysis of the role and condition of manual scavengers in India.

• DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008733
• 发表时间: 2022-07
• 期刊: BMJ GLOBAL HEALTH
• 影响因子: 8.1
• 作者: Saldanha, Sakshi;Kirchhelle, Claas;Webster, Emily;Vanderslott, Samantha;Vaz, Manjulika
• 通讯作者: Vaz, Manjulika

Typhoid: The past, present, and future of an ancient disease

伤寒：一种古老疾病的过去、现在和未来

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Kirchhelle Claas