DEVELOPMENT AND REGENERATION INVERTEBRATE OLFACTION

无脊椎动物嗅觉的发育和再生

• 批准号: 3094842
• 负责人: Robert C Gesteland
• 金额: $ 71.93万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1986
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1986-01-01 至 1990-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3094842
• 关键词: growth /development; medial olfactory area; nervous system regeneration; neural plasticity; neurogenesis; olfactory lobe

The ability of the vertebrate olfactory system to regenerate after injury, its connective plasticity, the continual replacement of sensory neurons throughout the life of the animal and its unique embryonic origins raise fundamental questions about neuron cell biology. This project focuses on a group of issues which will have significant impact upon interpretation of anatomical, neurochemical and electrophysiologicall findings. The experiments study the details of developmental events in olfaction, central reconnection after injury and the early stages of tissue differentiation and growth. The experimental methods include powerful new techniques of immunocytochemical labeling, morphometric analysis at the ultrastructural level, excitability studies of single cell s from dissociated tissues, neurons grown in culture, and new tracer techniques for study of connectivity. All of the projects are directed to issues of developmental change and the relations to regeneration and connection. We hope to find the origins of olfactory nerve Schwann cells, how growing axons penetrate the basement membrane, the effects of odors, zinc intake and environmental challenges on the rates of synthesis of receptor membrane and neuron turnover, the changes in membrane ionophores during receptor neuron differentiation and maturation, the relationships between regenerative processes in olfactory receptors and in other axotomized neurons, whether the continually turning-over neurons form effective synapses or are resorbed without functional connection, and the developmental changes in organziation of the cholinergic bulb afferents. In conjunction with the animal experiments a new type of olfactometer will be built in prototype and tested. It will make clinical evaluation of olfactory acuity simple and precise. The program is a collaborative effort to understand development, plasticity of process, form, mechanism and connectivity in that part of the vertebrate nervous system in which change is most evident. The investigators are closely associated in the univeristy community and intensely interested in the cellular processes involved in olfactory signalling.

脊椎动物嗅觉系统在受伤后再生的能力， 它的连接可塑性，感觉神经元的持续替换 在动物的整个生命和它独特的胚胎起源中 关于神经元细胞生物学的基本问题。本项目的重点是 将对解释产生重大影响的一组问题 解剖学、神经化学和电生理学的所有发现。这个 实验研究嗅觉中枢发育事件的细节 损伤后再连接与组织分化的早期阶段 和增长。实验方法包括强大的新技术 超微结构免疫细胞化学标记、形态计量学分析 分离组织中单细胞S的水平、兴奋性研究， 培养中生长的神经元及其研究的新示踪技术 连通性。所有项目都针对发展问题 变化以及与再生和连接的关系。我们希望能找到 嗅神经雪旺细胞的起源，生长轴突是如何穿透的 基底膜、气味、锌摄入量和环境的影响 受体膜和神经元合成速率面临的挑战 受体神经元中膜离子载体的变化--周转 分化与成熟、再生与再生的关系 嗅觉感受器和其他轴突切断神经元中的突起 不断翻转的神经元形成有效的突触或 在没有功能联系的情况下被吸收，以及 胆碱能球传入的组织化。与 动物实验一种新型嗅觉仪将制成样机 并进行了测试。这将使嗅觉的临床评估变得简单 而且精准。该计划是一项合作努力，以了解 过程、形式、机制和连通性的发展、可塑性 脊椎动物神经系统中变化最大的部分 很明显。调查人员在大学里有密切的联系 社区，并对细胞过程涉及的强烈兴趣 嗅觉信号。