Divergent Discourses: Processes of Narrative Construction in Tibet, 1955-62

分歧的话语：西藏叙事建构的过程，1955-62

• 批准号: AH/X001504/1
• 负责人: Robert Barnett
• 金额: $ 36.68万
• 依托单位: School of Oriental and African Studies
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FX001504%2F1
• 关键词: Divergent; Discourses; Processes; Narrative; Construction

The Divergent Discourses project is an international, collaborative UK-German research study of a conflict that began in the high Himalayas in the 1950s and led to nearly two decades of armed conflict. That conflict continues today in the form of disputes over ideas and narratives between the Chinese government and the exile Tibetan community, together with recurrent unrest and protests within Tibet and protracted border tensions between China and its neighbours. Not long after Chairman Mao sent Chinese troops to annexe Tibet in 1950, the Dalai Lama, the traditional ruler of Tibet, fled with some 80,000 Tibetans to India. In response, Chinese officials produced millions of words in newsprint, historical tracts, propaganda leaflets and books to justify their claim to Tibet and condemn the old regime. From India, exile Tibetans produced refugee accounts, testimonies, memoirs, and histories of Tibet to counter China's claims. Materials of this kind, which are in large part polemical, are not often treated as major sources for historians. But the development of digital humanities and computational research techniques means that they can now be mined in numerous ways to extract details about events, individuals and ideas that would otherwise be little noticed in the texts within which they are buried. With these new research tools, innumerable pieces of data and information can be brought together from multiple sources, revealing new information and offering new insights into the history of the time. These innovative tools allow close study of the two competing discourses that emerged in the 1950s, each with their own account of Tibetan history, identity, and traditions. The divergence between these accounts has since shaped China's policies in Tibet, its tense relations with India, its strained relations with the US and the West, its response to recurrent protests by Tibetans within Tibet, and the six-decades-long failure of the exile and Chinese leaderships to reach a settlement. The project, which will be led jointly by an expert in modern Tibetan literature in Leipzig and a modern Tibetan historian working with a historical linguist in London, will collect almost entirely overlooked documents from libraries in Leipzig, Berlin, Oxford, Prague and elsewhere, including propaganda materials and newspapers from the 1950s. By adapting existing software tools, the project will develop computational tools that will make it possible for the first time for modern Tibetan texts to be compiled into a digital corpus of historical materials, where they can be annotated and cross-referenced to allow sophisticated searches and study. The three-year project will lead to publications with new insights about the events that led to the split between the Chinese and Tibetan governments in the 1950s, about the arguments and narratives that they produced, and about the ways in which this cleavage changed subsequent events. The project will also create a website with examples of typical documents from the period with English translations, a database of events and names extracted from the documents, and online access to the texts and data collected by the project.

分歧的话语项目是一个国际性的，英国和德国合作的研究，研究始于20世纪50年代喜马拉雅山的冲突，并导致了近二十年的武装冲突。这种冲突今天仍在继续，表现为中国政府与流亡藏人社区之间的思想和叙事争端，以及西藏境内经常发生的骚乱和抗议活动，以及中国与邻国之间长期的边境紧张局势。1950年，毛主席派遣中国军队吞并西藏后不久，西藏的传统统治者达赖喇嘛带着大约8万名藏人逃往印度。作为回应，中国官员在新闻纸、历史小册子、宣传传单和书籍上发表了数百万字的文章，以证明他们对西藏的主张是正确的，并谴责旧政权。在印度，流亡藏人制作了难民记录、证词、回忆录和西藏历史，以反驳中国的主张。这类材料在很大程度上是争论性的，通常不被视为历史学家的主要来源。但数字人文和计算研究技术的发展意味着，现在可以以多种方式挖掘它们，以提取有关事件、个人和思想的细节，否则这些细节在埋藏它们的文本中很少被注意到。有了这些新的研究工具，无数的数据和信息可以从多个来源汇集在一起，揭示新的信息，并提供新的见解的历史。这些创新的工具使得我们能够仔细研究20世纪50年代出现的两种相互竞争的话语，每一种话语都有自己对西藏历史、身份和传统的描述。这些说法之间的分歧塑造了中国在西藏的政策，与印度的紧张关系，与美国和西方的紧张关系，对西藏境内藏人经常性抗议的反应，以及流亡政府和中国领导人长达60年的失败。该项目将由莱比锡的一位现代西藏文学专家和一位现代西藏历史学家与伦敦的一位历史语言学家共同领导，将从莱比锡、柏林、牛津、布拉格和其他地方的图书馆收集几乎完全被忽视的文件，包括20世纪50年代的宣传材料和报纸。通过调整现有的软件工具，该项目将开发计算工具，首次将现代藏文文本汇编成历史资料的数字语料库，在那里它们可以被注释和交叉引用，以便进行复杂的搜索和研究。这个为期三年的项目将带来出版物，对1950年代导致中国和西藏政府分裂的事件，他们产生的论点和叙述，以及这种分裂如何改变随后的事件有新的见解。该项目还将建立一个网站，提供该时期典型文件的英文译文范例，建立一个从文件中摘录的事件和名称数据库，并在线查阅该项目收集的文本和数据。

项目成果

Special Section: Keywords: A Window into China's Governance of Its Inner Asian Borderlands Introduction

专题：关键词：中国内亚边疆治理的窗口 引言

• DOI: 10.1163/22105018-02501002
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Inner Asia
• 影响因子: 0.3
• 作者: Barnett R