Divergent Discourses: Processes of Narrative Construction in Tibet, 1955-62

分歧的话语：西藏叙事建构的过程，1955-62

• 批准号: AH/X001504/1
• 负责人: Robert Barnett
• 金额: $ 36.68万
• 依托单位: School of Oriental and African Studies
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FX001504%2F1
• 关键词: Divergent; Discourses; Processes; Narrative; Construction

The Divergent Discourses project is an international, collaborative UK-German research study of a conflict that began in the high Himalayas in the 1950s and led to nearly two decades of armed conflict. That conflict continues today in the form of disputes over ideas and narratives between the Chinese government and the exile Tibetan community, together with recurrent unrest and protests within Tibet and protracted border tensions between China and its neighbours. Not long after Chairman Mao sent Chinese troops to annexe Tibet in 1950, the Dalai Lama, the traditional ruler of Tibet, fled with some 80,000 Tibetans to India. In response, Chinese officials produced millions of words in newsprint, historical tracts, propaganda leaflets and books to justify their claim to Tibet and condemn the old regime. From India, exile Tibetans produced refugee accounts, testimonies, memoirs, and histories of Tibet to counter China's claims. Materials of this kind, which are in large part polemical, are not often treated as major sources for historians. But the development of digital humanities and computational research techniques means that they can now be mined in numerous ways to extract details about events, individuals and ideas that would otherwise be little noticed in the texts within which they are buried. With these new research tools, innumerable pieces of data and information can be brought together from multiple sources, revealing new information and offering new insights into the history of the time. These innovative tools allow close study of the two competing discourses that emerged in the 1950s, each with their own account of Tibetan history, identity, and traditions. The divergence between these accounts has since shaped China's policies in Tibet, its tense relations with India, its strained relations with the US and the West, its response to recurrent protests by Tibetans within Tibet, and the six-decades-long failure of the exile and Chinese leaderships to reach a settlement. The project, which will be led jointly by an expert in modern Tibetan literature in Leipzig and a modern Tibetan historian working with a historical linguist in London, will collect almost entirely overlooked documents from libraries in Leipzig, Berlin, Oxford, Prague and elsewhere, including propaganda materials and newspapers from the 1950s. By adapting existing software tools, the project will develop computational tools that will make it possible for the first time for modern Tibetan texts to be compiled into a digital corpus of historical materials, where they can be annotated and cross-referenced to allow sophisticated searches and study. The three-year project will lead to publications with new insights about the events that led to the split between the Chinese and Tibetan governments in the 1950s, about the arguments and narratives that they produced, and about the ways in which this cleavage changed subsequent events. The project will also create a website with examples of typical documents from the period with English translations, a database of events and names extracted from the documents, and online access to the texts and data collected by the project.

“分歧话语”项目是一项国际性的英德合作研究，研究的对象是 20 世纪 50 年代喜马拉雅山高地爆发的一场冲突，并导致了近二十年的武装冲突。这场冲突今天仍在继续，其表现形式是中国政府与流亡藏人社区之间关于思想和叙述的争端，以及西藏境内经常发生的骚乱和抗议，以及中国与其邻国之间旷日持久的边境紧张局势。 1950年毛主席派中国军队吞并西藏后不久，西藏传统统治者达赖喇嘛就带着约8万名藏人逃往印度。作为回应，中国官员在新闻纸、历史小册子、宣传传单和书籍中印制了数百万字，以证明他们对西藏的主权主张并谴责旧政权。来自印度的流亡藏人制作了难民记述、证词、回忆录和西藏历史，以反驳中国的主张。这类材料在很大程度上是有争议的，通常不被历史学家视为主要来源。但数字人文和计算研究技术的发展意味着现在可以通过多种方式挖掘它们，以提取有关事件、个人和想法的细节，否则这些细节在埋藏它们的文本中很少被注意到。借助这些新的研究工具，可以从多个来源汇集无数的数据和信息，揭示新的信息并提供对当时历史的新见解。这些创新工具使我们能够仔细研究 20 世纪 50 年代出现的两种相互竞争的话语，每种话语都有自己对西藏历史、身份和传统的描述。自那以后，这些说法之间的分歧影响了中国对西藏的政策、与印度的紧张关系、与美国和西方的紧张关系、对西藏境内藏人一再抗议的反应，以及流亡政府和中国领导人长达六年的未能达成和解。该项目将由莱比锡的一位现代西藏文学专家和一位现代西藏历史学家与伦敦的一位历史语言学家共同领导，将从莱比锡、柏林、牛津、布拉格和其他地方的图书馆收集几乎完全被忽视的文献，包括 20 世纪 50 年代的宣传材料和报纸。通过改造现有的软件工具，该项目将开发计算工具，首次将现代藏文文本编译成历史材料的数字语料库，在其中可以对它们进行注释和交叉引用，以便进行复杂的搜索和研究。这个为期三年的项目将出版对导致 20 世纪 50 年代中国和西藏政府分裂的事件、他们产生的争论和叙述以及这种分裂如何改变后续事件的新见解的出版物。该项目还将创建一个网站，其中包含该时期的典型文件示例（附英文翻译）、从文件中提取的事件和名称数据库，以及在线访问该项目收集的文本和数据。

项目成果

Special Section: Keywords: A Window into China's Governance of Its Inner Asian Borderlands Introduction

专题：关键词：中国内亚边疆治理的窗口 引言

• DOI: 10.1163/22105018-02501002
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Inner Asia
• 影响因子: 0.3
• 作者: Barnett R