Redistributing social gains in a commercially-driven environment: a law and architecture study

我们生活在一个市场驱动的社会，向人们提供商品和服务往往被认为是以牺牲其他社会收益为代价，以利润最大化为导向。该项目提出了一个创新的社会愿景：一个嵌入社会价值作为一个蓬勃发展的市场驱动的社会的核心要素。它解决了这样一个问题：如何才能更好地在社会中重新分配商业活动所带来的社会收益？2015年的《社会价值法》没有对社会价值做出明确的定义。它也没有建立衡量商业活动对社会的社会价值影响的标准。实际上，法律只提供有限的指导来解决社会收益的再分配问题，建筑项目-特别是公共/社区空间的改造项目-在向客户提供商业价值的同时也面临同样的再分配问题。Hawkins\Brown是一家世界知名的建筑事务所，总部位于伦敦和曼彻斯特，致力于创造兼具商业和社会价值的建筑项目，有效地将社会价值货币化，从而创造更具包容性的社会。在Hawkins\Brown的借调对我理解社会价值对建筑师的意义至关重要。批判性地评估他们过去和计划中的项目将使我能够深入了解地方的经济福祉。随后，我将运用新获得的知识和技能来解决我的专业研究领域-空间法-中一个新出现的问题，即如何利用新的空间经济（如卫星服务）在地球上创造更具包容性的社会。这是一个目前不受法律监管的领域，英国政府正在大力投资。该项目将实现四个目标：1.在扇区之间创建孔隙度：在Hawkins\Brown的借调将使我获得有关建筑史的新知识和有关社会收益再分配的专业文献，并通过接触技术来发展我的研究技能（理论和实证），以概念化，衡量和评估目标社区的社会价值生产。作为回报，我将就《2015年社会价值法》中所载社会价值概念的法律的解释问题向Hawkins\Brown提供咨询，并探讨政策影响。 2.促进借调人员的职业发展：在Hawkins\Brown的借调将为我开辟新的职业前景，使我融入在社会价值和再分配收益领域工作的建筑师和研究人员的网络。它还将使我能够应用新获得的有关社会价值货币化的知识和相关影响评估技术来进一步研究卫星产业的商业活动在多大程度上产生社会再分配收益。3.产生创新成果：借调的计划成果包括：-根据建筑理论和实践，重新审视《外层空间条约》（1967年）下的利益分享概念的跨学科研究论文。外联活动：在伦敦与建筑师、社会价值研究人员和更广泛的社会分享我借调的发现的研讨会;在莱斯特与学术界和空间商业界的研讨会。为建筑行业增加价值借调人员将直接促进建筑项目设计中嵌入的再分配（社会价值）收益的概念化，为客户提供物有所值的服务。它还将有助于英国建筑历史的一个离散方面的文件和批判性评估。

We live in a market-driven society where the provision of goods and services to people is often perceived as oriented towards the maximisation of profit at the expense of other social gains. This project proposes an innovative vision of society: one embedding social value as a core element of a thriving marked-driven society. It addresses the question: how can the social gains embedded in commercial activities be better redistributed in society?The 2015 Social Value Act does not contain a clear definition of social value. Nor does it establish criteria for measuring the social value impact of commercial activities on society. Effectively, law provides only limited guidance to redress the problem of redistribution of social gains in society.Architectural projects - especially renovation projects of public/communal spaces - face the same redistribution problem while delivering commercial value to the clients. Therefore, this project focuses on creating areas of porosity - knowledge exchange, skills development and cross-mobility - between the fields of law and architecture.Hawkins\Brown is a world-renowned architectural firm based in London and Manchester pioneering the creation of architectural projects that deliver both commercial and social value, effectively monetising social value as a means for creating more inclusive societies. A secondment at Hawkins\Brown is crucial for me to understand what social value means for architects. Critically evaluating their past and planned projects will enable me to gain insights into the economic wellbeing of places. I will subsequently apply the newly acquired knowledge and skills to tackle an emerging problem in my specialist area of research, space law - namely, how to use the new space economy (e.g. satellite services) to create more inclusive societies here on Earth. This is an area currently unregulated by law on which the UK government is heavily investing.The project will achieve four objectives:1. Creating porosity between sectors: A secondment at Hawkins\Brown will allow me to acquire new knowledge on the history of architecture and the specialized literature on redistribution of social gains as well as develop my research skills through exposure to techniques (theoretical and empirical) needed to conceptualise, measure and assess the production of social value in the target community.In return, I will advise Hawkins\Brown on issues relating to the legal interpretation of the concept of social value contained in the Social Value Act 2015 and explore policy implications. 2. Boost the career of the secondee:A secondment at Hawkins\Brown will open up new career prospects for me by integrating me in the network of architects and researchers working in the field of social value and redistribution gains. It will also allow me to apply the newly acquired knowledge about the monetisation of social value and related impact assessment techniques to further research on the extent to which the commercial activities of the satellite industry generate social redistribution gains.3. Produce innovative outputs:The planned outcomes of the secondment include:- an interdisciplinary research paper revisiting the concept of benefit sharing under the Outer Space Treaty (1967) in the light of architectural theory and practice.- outreach activities: a workshop in London to share the findings of my secondments with architects, social value researchers and the wider society; a workshop in Leicester with the academic and space business community.4. Adding value to architecture as a sectorThe secondment will directly contribute to the conceptualisation of redistributive (social value) gains embedded in the design of architectural projects delivering value for money to clients. It will also contribute to the documentation and critical evaluation of a discrete aspect of the history of architecture in the UK.