Stories from Rwanda: Agency, Editing and New Audiences

卢旺达政府的数据表明，在1994年针对图西族的种族灭绝中，有100多万人死亡。该国的基础设施被摧毁，家庭记忆破裂，卢旺达社会严重受伤。幸存者的证词和对过去的艺术探索在开辟纪念种族灭绝和探索冲突后身份的新途径方面发挥了关键作用。然而，在种族灭绝之后，许多故事是由外人讲述的，对卢旺达的文化和历史复杂性几乎一无所知。来自卢旺达的佐伊·诺里奇的领导团契故事探索了创造性的跨学科方法，在关于针对图西族的种族灭绝的叙事中突出卢旺达的声音。除其他外，这笔赠款还支持翻译Yolande Mukagana的《幸存者的证词不是我该死的时候》，与卢旺达艺术家一起举办写作和摄影讲习班，以及Wasafiri关于人权文化的特刊。在此期间，国际和平协会及其合作伙伴发现了两个意想不到的挑战：1)令人担忧的是，如果幸存者不能领导纪念项目，那么突出幸存者的声音无法赋予卢旺达人权力。幸存者经常觉得他们的故事被工具化了，重述的方式让他们感到不舒服，可能会造成痛苦。2)意识到英国在教授1994年卢旺达针对图西族人的种族灭绝方面的资源存在显著缺口。这在一定程度上是因为，与大屠杀不同，最近的种族灭绝没有列入国家课程。除了Ishami基金会的材料，确实存在的资源往往不会让幸存者参与其概念化或交付。这一后续资助提案通过利用AHRC资助的研究洞察跨学科合作和艺术方法在突出卢旺达声音方面的价值来应对这些挑战。大部分工作围绕100个故事展开，收集幸存者的证词，以及其他卢旺达人的故事，包括救援人员、幸存者的子女和种族灭绝犯罪者的故事。由艺术家和种族灭绝幸存者乔·英加比尔·莫伊斯领导，这些故事预告了过去和现在的重要时刻，基于感官和情感的细节，提供了对种族灭绝的更广泛的见解。诺里奇从这个项目一开始就支持这个项目，展示了幸存者的领导力，现在试图帮助Ingabire收集50个新故事，并进入一个新的项目：编辑和出版整个集合作为平装书。这是建立在她与卢旺达Huza出版社现有关系的基础上，后者已同意出版这部作品。该小组将共同制定编辑故事的协作方法，并在封面设计和编辑证词领域培养卢旺达出版专业人员的专业知识。由幸存者领导的100个故事的完整集合将为英国教师提供宝贵的资源。为了便于在英国的课堂上使用这些证词，PI、博士后和Ishami基金会的首席执行官Eric Murangwa Eugene MBE(也是种族灭绝的幸存者)将在汉普顿学校与Gencide8020合作，绘制教育工作者目前使用卢旺达幸存者证词的方式，并开发资源来支持教师在课堂上使用书面和面对面的证词。英国和卢旺达的所有100个Stories项目都得到了英国卢旺达幸存者和精神健康专家Philomene Uwamaliya的支持。她还将协助为英国和卢旺达的非政府组织和种族灭绝教育者制定咨询指导方针，在制作种族灭绝证词的材料时与幸存者合作。这些积极的合作为新的受众制作新材料，将支持种族灭绝教育，同时也让幸存者更多地掌握他们的故事的使用方式。

Rwandan government figures state that over a million people died during the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi. The country's infrastructure was destroyed, family memory ruptured and Rwandan society left severely wounded. Survivor testimony and artistic explorations of the past play key roles in opening up new ways to remember genocide and explore post-conflict identities. However, in the aftermath of genocide, many stories were told by outsiders with little understanding of Rwanda's cultural and historical complexity.Zoe Norridge's leadership fellowship Stories from Rwanda explored creative interdisciplinary approaches to foregrounding Rwandan voices in narratives about the genocide against the Tutsi. This grant supported, amongst other elements, the translation of Yolande Mukagasana's survivor testimony Not My Time to Die, writing and photography workshops with Rwandan artists, and a special issue of Wasafiri on Human Rights Cultures.During this fellowship the PI and partners identified two unanticipated challenges:1) A concern that foregrounding survivor voices fails to empower Rwandans if survivors are not also in positions to lead testimonial projects. Too often survivors feel their stories are instrumentalised and retold in manners that make them uncomfortable and may cause pain.2) The realisation that there is a significant gap in UK resources for teaching the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda. This is in part because, unlike the Holocaust, more recent genocides are not in the national curriculum. With the exception of Ishami Foundation materials, resources that do exist don't tend to involve survivors in their conceptualisation or delivery. This follow-on-funding proposal responds to these challenges by drawing on AHRC-funded research insights into the value of interdisciplinary collaboration and arts-based approaches in foregrounding Rwandan voices.Much of the work centres around 100 Stories, a collection of testimony from survivors, alongside stories from other Rwandans including rescuers, children of survivors and genocide perpetrators. Led by artist and genocide survivor Jo Ingabire Moys, these stories foreground significant moments from past and present, grounded in sensual and emotional detail, that offer wider insights on genocide. Showcasing survivor leadership, Norridge has supported this project since its inception and now seeks to assist Ingabire in collecting fifty new stories and moving onto a new project: editing and publishing the whole collection as a paperback book. This builds on her existing relationship with Rwanda's Huza Press who have agreed to publish the work. Together, the team will develop collaborative methodologies for editing the stories and build expertise amongst Rwandan publishing professionals in the areas of cover design and editing testimony. The complete survivor-led collection of 100 Stories will offer a valuable resource for UK teachers. To facilitate their use in UK classrooms, the PI, postdoc and Ishami Foundation's CEO Eric Murangwa Eugene MBE (also a genocide survivor) will work alongside Genocide80Twenty at Hampton School, to map ways in which educators currently draw on Rwandan survivor testimony and develop resources to support teachers working with written and in-person testimony in the classroom. All the 100 Stories projects in the UK and Rwanda are supported by UK-based Rwandan survivor and mental health specialist Philomene Uwamaliya. She will also assist with the development of advisory guidelines for NGOs and genocide educators, in the UK and Rwanda, on collaborative working with survivors when producing materials featuring genocide testimony.These active collaborations producing new materials for new audiences will support genocide education whilst also giving survivors more ownership over the ways in which their stories are used.