Military Strategies During the Genocide Against the Tutsis in Rwanda
卢旺达针对图西族的种族灭绝期间的军事战略
基本信息
- 批准号:AH/W001217/1
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 19.08万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Research Grant
- 财政年份:2022
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2022 至 无数据
- 项目状态:未结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Rwanda is a primary location site for conducting genocide studies ever since the 1994 Genocide Against the Tutsi, also referred to as the 1994 Rwandan Genocide. Over the past twenty-six years, academic researchers and journalists have conducted in depth research and analysis of the genocidal massacres. Much of this research focuses on the events during the genocide between genocide perpetrators, Hutu extremists known as the Interahamwe, and the Tutsi victims. During a one-hundred-day period, an estimated 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed with this critical event only ending with the removal of genocidal forces by the mostly Tutsi rebel group, the Rwanda Patriotic Front (RPF). Its military wing, the Rwanda Patriotic Army (RPA) were militarily responsible for combating Forces Rwandaises de Défense (FAR) in the larger conflict of the Rwandan Civil War (1990-1994) which had raged on since October 1990. However, the final months of the conflict witnessed not only military confrontations between the two military actors but the addition of genocide forces wishing to kill Tutsis and any Hutus who defied their extremist Hutu supremacy beliefs. Numerous cease-fires accumulating into the 1993 Arusha Accords, which provided hope for Tutsis and moderate Hutu groups of political reforms and a secure civil society. However, the assassination of Hutu President, Juvénal Habyarimana on the night of April 6th began a new dynamic within the conflict of genocidal massacres that complicated terms of peace and would reignite the Civil War within days. While the genocide is well researched within scholarly and journalistic publications, there is a significant gap in how the military campaigns between the opposing military forces of the Rwanda Patriotic Army (RPA) against the Forces Rwandaises de Défense (FAR) impacted the rate of killings.Military Strategies During the Genocide Against the Tutsis in Rwanda will specifically ask:- Whether the current understandings within genocide studies incorporate the military history of the Rwandan Civil War and how the military battles between the FAR and RPA impacted the rate of killings within Rwanda's capital city of Kigali.- How does the current Rwandan military, the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF), which composes much of the same RPA military commanders and soldiers from the Civil War and genocide reflect on its historical narratives of being the primary sole actor who saved lives during the genocide? And how does this historical narrative influence current RDF perceptions of promoting Rwandan security?- Whether the military battles during the final months of the Civil War are included or absent in national discussions of the genocide, during the annual Kwibuka genocide commemorations?Through a collaboration with the Institute of Research and Dialogue for Peace (IRDP), this research will collect testimonies from genocide survivors, perpetrators and former military officials who fought during the conflict to create an understanding of the movements of military forces and place them within the context of major genocide locations throughout Kigali. Working mostly within Kigali, Rwanda the principal investigator, Dr Jonathan Beloff, will collect qualitative data through semi-structured interview methods. Data analysis through Discourse Analysis and Triangulation will help triangulate the movement of military forces, genocide perpetrators and where Tutsis and moderate Hutus were saved from the targeted killings. Collaborating with the Institute of Research and Dialogue for Peace (IRDP) creates the opportunity for shared knowledge exchange that will greatly benefit Rwandan education on the nation's genocidal history.
自1994年针对图西人的种族灭绝以来,卢旺达一直是进行种族灭绝研究的主要地点,也被称为1994年卢旺达种族灭绝。在过去的26年里,学术研究人员和记者对种族灭绝大屠杀进行了深入的研究和分析。这项研究的大部分内容集中在种族灭绝期间种族灭绝肇事者、被称为联攻派的胡图族极端分子和图西族受害者之间的事件。在100天的时间里,估计有80万图西人和温和派胡图人被杀,这一关键事件只是以以图西人为主的反叛团体卢旺达爱国阵线(爱国阵线)清除种族灭绝部队而告终。其军事分支卢旺达爱国军(RPA)在军事上负责打击卢旺达内战(1990-1994年)中自1990年10月以来肆虐的更大冲突中的德芳斯部队(FAR)。然而,冲突的最后几个月不仅见证了两个军事行为者之间的军事对抗,而且增加了希望杀死图西人和任何挑战其极端主义胡图族至上信仰的胡图人的种族灭绝部队。1993年的《阿鲁沙协定》累积了许多停火协议,为图西族和温和派胡图族团体的政治改革和安全的民间社会带来了希望。然而,胡图族总统Juvéal Habya imana于4月6日晚被暗杀,在种族灭绝大屠杀的冲突中引发了新的动向,使和平条件复杂化,并将在几天内重新点燃内战。虽然在学术和新闻出版物中对种族灭绝进行了很好的研究,但在卢旺达爱国军(RPA)对抗德芳斯部队(FAR)的敌对军事力量之间的军事行动如何影响杀人率方面,存在着巨大的差距。卢旺达针对图西族人的种族灭绝期间的军事战略将特别询问:-种族灭绝研究中目前的理解是否包括卢旺达内战的军事史,以及FAR和RPA之间的军事战斗如何影响卢旺达首都基加利的杀戮速度。目前的卢旺达军队,卢旺达国防军(RDF),哪些由内战和种族灭绝中相同的RPA军事指挥官和士兵组成,反映了其作为种族灭绝期间拯救生命的主要唯一行动者的历史叙事?这一历史叙述如何影响卢旺达国防军目前对促进卢旺达安全的看法?--在一年一度的奎布卡种族灭绝纪念活动期间,内战最后几个月的军事斗争是否包括在全国关于种族灭绝的讨论中?通过与和平研究与对话研究所(IRDP)的合作,这项研究将收集种族灭绝幸存者、肇事者和在冲突期间作战的前军事官员的证词,以了解军事力量的行动,并将他们置于基加利各地主要种族灭绝地点的背景下。首席调查员乔纳森·贝洛夫博士主要在卢旺达基加利工作,他将通过半结构化访谈方法收集定性数据。通过话语分析和三角测量进行的数据分析将有助于三角测量军事力量的移动、种族灭绝肇事者以及图西人和温和派胡图人在哪里被从定向杀戮中拯救出来。与和平研究与对话研究所(研究与对话研究所)合作创造了分享知识交流的机会,这将极大地有利于卢旺达关于种族灭绝历史的教育。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(9)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Alternative Perspectives on Peacebuilding - Theories and Case Studies
建设和平的另类观点 - 理论和案例研究
- DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-05756-4_7
- 发表时间:2022
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Beloff J
- 通讯作者:Beloff J
The US and Rwanda: how the relationship has evolved since the 1994 genocide
美国和卢旺达:自 1994 年种族灭绝以来两国关系如何演变
- DOI:
- 发表时间:2022
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Jonathan R Beloff
- 通讯作者:Jonathan R Beloff
Rwanda and DRC's turbulent past continues to fuel their torrid relationship
卢旺达和刚果民主共和国动荡的过去继续加剧他们的紧张关系
- DOI:
- 发表时间:2022
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Jonathan R Beloff
- 通讯作者:Jonathan R Beloff
In the Shadow of Genocide - Justice and Memory within Rwanda
在种族灭绝的阴影下——卢旺达的正义与记忆
- DOI:10.4324/9781003228592-9
- 发表时间:2022
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Beloff J
- 通讯作者:Beloff J
Hôtel Rwanda : un film qui s'est avéré être une arme à double tranchant pour Kigali
卢旺达酒店 : 一部关于基加利的电影
- DOI:
- 发表时间:2022
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Jonathan R Beloff
- 通讯作者:Jonathan R Beloff
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