Institutional Abuse: Reformatory Schools and the use of physical force

这是一个历史犯罪学项目，将探索英国第一个由政府运营的青年机构--感化学校。在英国，刑事司法系统(CJS)仍然是唯一一个故意对儿童施加痛苦的机构。儿童保护倡导者认为，使用的约束技术会造成不必要的伤害。然而，他们在将儿童控制在安全的庄园的幌子下是正当的。本研究将从历史的角度对《辩护》的叙事进行探讨。这将通过查阅区域劳教记录(机构层面)、议会报告(政治层面)和报纸(公共层面)来完成。自从儿童被监禁以来，他们一直受到虐待和虐待。在这些历史机构内以及在政治/公共领域的更广泛背景下，使用武力是如何正当的、受到批评和/或忽视的？这一漫长的历史视角将使我们能够理解今天在安全地带继续接受虐待儿童的情况。该项目有三条腿的产出战略，这三条腿是相互关联的；学术、政策和公众参与。(1)我将通过这个跨学科项目，通过虐待儿童研究和犯罪学领域的学术同行评议期刊文章和会议论文，为学术辩论做出贡献，以确保我既向这些不同但相关的研究领域学习，又对其进行补充。同样，我将在项目结束时举办一次研讨会，将在全球不同机构环境(不限于刑事司法系统)工作或研究的跨学科演讲者聚集在一起。这将使该项目产生更广泛的影响。(2)这项研究的结果将使我能够为未来政策改革的政策辩论提供信息。我将撰写一份历史和政策政策简报文件，在有关的各党派议会小组中分发，并编写一份较短的情况说明版本，以便更广泛地分发。(3)由于公众利益和对问题的认识，往往能够进行改变。因此，这个项目还将通过一个包容性的博客/播客系列，由已经建立的网络举办的面向公众的讲座，以及最后通过在面向公众的媒体The Conversation上发表一篇书面文章，提高公众对当前问题的认识和支持。这样，随着时间的推移，该项目将努力增加对机构中虐待青少年问题的认识和理解。我将增加机构研究的跨学科领域，为改变青年司法的政策改革辩论提供信息，并就涉及经常被忽视的犯罪儿童的历史背景下的伤害问题向公众宣传和参与。

This is an historical criminological project which will explore the first government-run youth institutions in England; the reformatory schools. The criminal justice system (CJS) remains the only institution where the deliberate infliction of pain on children is sanctioned in the UK. Child protection advocates argue that the restraint techniques used causes unnecessary harm. Yet, they are justified under the pretence of controlling children within the secure estate. This research will explore the narratives of 'justification' from an historical perspective. This will be done by consulting regional reformatory records (institutional level), parliamentary reports (political level), and newspapers (public level). Since children have been imprisoned, they have been mistreated and abused. How was the use of physical force justified, criticised and/or ignored within these historical institutions and within the wider context of the political/public domain? This long historical lens will enable an understanding of the continued acceptance of the mistreatment of children within the secure estate today.This project has a three legged output strategy, which are inter-related; academic, policy and public engagement. (1) I will contribute to the academic debate through this interdisciplinary project through academic peer review journal articles and conference papers in the field of both child abuse studies and criminology to ensure I both learn from and add to these different, but related, fields of study. Similarly, I will hold a symposium at the close of the project to bring together interdisciplinary speakers working in or studying different institutionalised settings across the globe (not limited to the Criminal Justice System). This will enable the project to have wider impact. (2) The findings from the project will enable me to feed into the policy debate for future policy reform. I will write a Policy Briefing Document for History and Policy for dissemination amongst relevant All-Party Parliamentary Groups and a shorter Fact Sheet version for wider distribution. (3) Often change is enabled due to public interest and awareness of the issues. As such, this project will also engage with the public to raise awareness and support for the issues at hand through an inclusive Blog/Podcast Series, public-facing talks hosted by already established networks with a ready audience built in, and lastly through a written piece in the public-facing media outlet The Conversation.In this way, this project will work towards an increased knowledge and understanding of the issue of mistreatment of juveniles in institutions over time. I will add to the interdisciplinary field of institutional studies, feed into policy reform debates for change in youth justice, and inform and engage with the public on issues of harm in historical settings involving oft overlooked offending children.