Neural Mechanisms Promoting Biased Social Memories in Intergenerational Childhood Abuse

项目摘要/摘要 儿童期虐待影响了全世界三分之一以上的儿童，并造成了四分之一的精神疾病 精神错乱。因为有过童年虐待的父母比没有受到过虐待的父母多2-3倍 许多家庭很可能虐待自己的孩子，陷入了代际虐待的循环之中。虽然 代际虐待由来已久，导致其持续存在的认知机制是 地图绘制得很差。我们认为，童年虐待可能会使个体倾向于优先编码和 回忆负面的社会反馈，而不是积极的社会反馈。尽管有确凿证据表明儿童期虐待 与负面认知偏差以及情景记忆和相应的 海马体功能障碍，记忆偏差在代际虐待中所起的作用仍未得到检验。因为 记忆是重建的，它从根本上是可塑性的，因此记忆偏差的神经认知机制可能 作为理想的干预目标。导致记忆测试效果研究匮乏的一个因素 对虐待传播的偏见是缺乏将大脑反应与社会编码联系起来的生态有效范例 在随后的召回中提供反馈。我们通过反馈后召回任务(RAFT)解决了这一挑战。 对RAW的初步研究表明，更严重的童年虐待与更多的回忆有关 对于负的社会反馈和增强的前海马区参与，当编码为负值与 积极的社会反馈。我建议将这项工作扩展到有一系列童年虐待经历的父母 并测试与社会记忆偏差有关的神经认知机制在多大程度上与当前的严酷 养育方式。考虑到虐待是一个固有的社会过程，这种调查是必不可少的，但大多数关于虐待的研究 代际传递无法探索支持社会处理的神经认知机制。我的目标是 描述儿童期虐待与1)对社会反馈的记忆偏向；2)关系 在编码社会反馈和记忆偏差时的海马区激活之间；以及3)在多大程度上 记忆偏见和大脑激活促进了严厉的育儿方式。拟议的研究将推动该领域的发展和 通过表征社会记忆偏向的贡献及其神经基础提供新的干预目标 儿童期虐待和严厉的育儿方式之间的联系。拟议的培训计划，其中包括 研讨会、体验式学习和指导，将发展我在生态有效的功能磁共振研究方面的专业知识。 设计和分析，记忆的神经机制，以及虐待后的神经心理社会结果。 因此，我将获得未来拨款所需的专业知识和初步数据，以便为削减干预措施提供信息 代际虐待和为成为独立的发展社会奠定基础 神经学家。坦普尔大学心理与神经科学系成绩斐然 这是开展由排雷中心资助的卓有成效的工作的最佳时机，也是拟议研究和培训的理想环境。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Childhood maltreatment impacts over a third of children worldwide and contributes to a quarter of all psychiatric disorders. Because parents with, compared to without exposure to childhood maltreatment are 2-3 times more likely to abuse their own children, many families are trapped in intergenerational cycles of abuse. Although intergenerational abuse is well-established, the cognitive mechanisms that contribute to its persistence are poorly mapped. We propose that childhood abuse may bias individuals towards prioritizing the encoding and recall of negative, rather than positive, social feedback. Despite robust evidence that childhood abuse is associated with negative cognitive biases as well as alterations in episodic memory and corresponding hippocampal dysfunction, the role that memory bias plays in intergenerational abuse remains untested. Because memory is reconstructive, it is fundamentally malleable, thus neurocognitive mechanisms of memory bias may serve as an ideal intervention target. One factor contributing to a dearth of research testing effects of memory bias on abuse transmission is a lack of ecologically-valid paradigms that link brain response to encoding social feedback with its subsequent recall. We addressed this challenge with the Recall After Feedback Task (RAFT). Preliminary work with the RAFT demonstrates that more severe childhood abuse is associated with greater recall for negative social feedback and enhanced anterior hippocampal engagement when encoding negative vs. positive social feedback. I propose to extend this work in parents with a range of childhood abuse experiences and test the extent to which neurocognitive mechanisms implicated in social memory bias relate to current harsh parenting style. This inquiry is essential given that abuse is an inherently social process, yet most studies of intergenerational transmission fail to probe neurocognitive mechanisms that support social processing. I aim to characterize associations between childhood abuse and 1) memory bias for social feedback; 2) the relationship between hippocampal activation when encoding social feedback and memory bias; and 3) the degree to which memory bias and brain activation promote harsh parenting. The proposed study will advance the field and provide novel intervention targets by characterizing the contribution of social memory bias and its neural basis to the link between childhood abuse and harsh parenting. The proposed training plan, which consists of workshops, experiential learning, and mentorship, will develop my expertise in ecologically-valid fMRI study design and analysis, neural mechanisms of memory, and neuropsychosocial outcomes following maltreatment. As a result, I will gain expertise and preliminary data needed for future grants that inform interventions to curtail intergenerational abuse and establish the foundation for becoming an independent developmental social neuroscientist. Temple University’s Department of Psychology and Neuroscience has a successful track record of conducting impactful NICHD-funded work and is the ideal setting for the proposed research and training.