SPEECH PERCEPTION UNDER NON-OPTIMAL CONDITIONS IN AGING

非最佳老化条件下的言语感知

• 批准号: 3119395
• 负责人: PIERRE L DIVENYI
• 金额: $ 2.63万
• 依托单位: EAST BAY INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND EDUC
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-03-01 至 1993-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3119395
• 关键词: aging; attention; auditory discrimination; auditory feedback; cognition; hearing tests; human subject; neural information processing; perceptual maskings; psychoacoustics; sonar; speech

The term "cocktail-party effect" refers to the human ability of listening to a conversation in an acoustic environment in which several persons are talking simultaneously. This ability is known to often become impaired in aging, thereby causing an elderly person to withdraw from society at an age when he/she could still have much to contribute. Efforts to alleviate this impairment have been impeded by the fact that neither its precise characteristics in the young, nor the causes of its breakdown in the old, are currently understood. The objective of the proposed research is (1) to assess speech perception in speech noise by elderly listeners and relate this ability to a comprehensive auditory performance profile, (2) to compare speech perception performance in speech noise by elderly and young listeners having either normal or impaired hearing, and (3) to investigate auditory resolution of, and selective attention to, signals separated in space or mixed in the same channel, both in elderly and in young listeners. Part of the objectives require testing a large number of elderly subjects, whereas another part necessitates testing a small number of young, normal subjects over a long period of time. The objectives will be achieved by using standard and newly developed audiological tests as well as standard psychophysical techniques. Assessment of spatial hearing will be accomplished in simulated free field. Characterization of the auditory performance profile of the various subject groups will be based on advanced statistical analysis techniques. The major socio-medical significance of the proposed study lies in that it is directed toward a wide-spread impairment of verbal communication in the elderly. Its clinical significance lies in that it will attempt to differentiate between peripheral and central components of the impairment. Its scientific relevance consists (1) of determining the place of the "cocktail-party effect" in an overall picture of audiological, psychophysical, and cognitive abilities, and (2) of characterizing some of the most important psychoacoustic and cognitive components of the phenomenon.

“鸡尾酒会效应”一词指的是人类 在以下声学环境中收听对话 几个人同时在讲话。这种能力是众所周知的。 变老经常因衰老而变得虚弱，从而导致老年人 一个人在他/她还可以的年龄退出社会 有很多可以贡献的。减轻这种损害的努力已经 受阻于这样一个事实，即它的准确特征 无论是在年轻人身上，还是在老年人身上造成崩溃的原因， 目前已被理解。 拟议研究的目的是(1)评估言语 老年听者对言语噪声的知觉及其关联 能够获得全面的听觉表现轮廓，(2) 老年人在言语噪声中的言语知觉表现比较 以及听力正常或受损的年轻听众，以及 (3)研究听觉分辨和选择性注意 至，信号在空间中分开或在同一通道中混合，两者 在老年人和年轻听众中。 部分目标要求对大量老年人进行测试 受试者，而另一部分需要测试少量 年轻的、正常的受试者在很长一段时间内。这个 将通过使用标准和新开发的工具来实现目标 听力学测试以及标准的心理物理技术。 空间听力评估将在模拟环境中完成 自由场。听觉表现轮廓的特征 将以高级统计数据为基础 分析技术。 拟议研究的主要社会医学意义在于 它针对的是广泛的语言障碍 在老年人中的沟通。其临床意义在于 它将尝试区分外围设备和 减损的主要组成部分。它的科学关联性 包括(1)确定“鸡尾酒会”的地点 在听觉、心理和生理方面的整体情况下 认知能力，以及(2)表征一些最 心理声学和认知的重要组成部分 现象。