SPEECH PERCEPTION UNDER NONOPTIMAL CONDITIONS IN AGING

衰老过程中非最佳条件下的言语感知

• 批准号: 6012548
• 负责人: PIERRE L DIVENYI
• 金额: $ 3.8万
• 依托单位: EAST BAY INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND EDUC
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-03-01 至 1999-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6012548
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); aging; audiometry; auditory discrimination; behavioral /social science research tag; binaural hearing; human middle age (35-64); human old age (65+); human subject; longitudinal human study; noise; perception; psychoacoustics; sensorineural hearing loss; space perception; speech; speech recognition; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted From The Applicant's Abstract.) Impairment of the ability to understand conversation under difficult listening conditions, such as in highly reverberant rooms or in gatherings where several persons are talking simultaneously, affects a substantial portion of elderly individuals. This impairment may vary in severity, but only in very few cases can it be overcome by the use of currently available prosthetic devices. Attempts to alleviate this impairment have been impeded by the fact that neither the precise characteristics of the intact process in the young, nor the causes of its breakdown in the old, are currently well understood. The proposed research represents a continuation of work aimed at investigating the ability of both elderly and young individuals to understand speech under non-optimal listening conditions, i.e., perceptual separation of a speech target from simultaneously ongoing irrelevant "noise". The research has two main objectives: (1) to investigate, in elderly and in young listeners, the perceptual processes (in particular, spatial resolution and resolution of temporal fluctuations) which play a role in the separation of simultaneously presented relevant and irrelevant auditory signals; and (2) to study a group of elderly individuals over a five year period, in order to detect initial or progressive deterioration of the ability to separate simultaneous signals and to determine the correlates of this deterioration. These objectives will be achieved by testing selected groups of elderly and young individuals on standard and non-standard audiological tests as well as psychophysical tests. Spatial hearing will be assessed in a simulated free field. Multidimensional auditory performance profiles of subjects will be defined through principal component analysis and other multivariate statistical methods. The major scientific significance of the proposed study is that it will provide a more precise definition of auditory temporal and spatial processes that allow for the perceptual separation of speech and background noise and will also identify precise auditory processes affected by aging. The clinical significance of the study is that it will establish a multidimensional data base of auditory capabilities in elderly individuals with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss, and may identify auditory processes which, if impaired, will help predict impending deterioration of speech understanding under non-optimal listening conditions. This work will have an impact on a wide-spread impairment of verbal communication in the elderly.

描述：（改编自申请人的摘要。） 在困难的听力条件下理解对话的能力， 例如在高混响的房间或在几个人聚集的地方 人们同时说话，影响了很大一部分 老年人。 这种损害的严重程度可能有所不同，但仅限于 很少有情况可以通过使用现有的技术来克服 假肢装置。 已尝试减轻这种损害 由于以下事实而受到阻碍： 年轻时完整的过程，也没有其在成年后崩溃的原因 旧的，目前很好理解。 拟议的研究代表了旨在 调查老年人和年轻人的能力 在非最佳听力条件下理解语音，即 语音目标与同时进行的语音目标的感知分离 无关的“噪音”。 该研究有两个主要目标：（1） 调查老年人和年轻听众的感知 过程（特别是空间分辨率和时间分辨率） 波动），同时在分离中发挥作用 呈现相关和不相关的听觉信号； (2) 学习 一组在五年内的老年人，为了 检测分离能力的初始或逐渐恶化 同时信号并确定该信号的相关性 恶化。 这些目标将通过测试选定的老年人群体来实现 和年轻人进行标准和非标准听力测试 以及心理物理测试。 将评估空间听力 在模拟自由场中。 多维听觉表现 主题的概况将通过主成分定义 分析和其他多元统计方法。 这项研究的主要科学意义在于 将为听觉时间和听觉时间提供更精确的定义 允许语音感知分离的空间过程 和背景噪音，还将识别精确的听觉过程 受衰老影响。 该研究的临床意义在于 将建立听觉能力的多维数据库 患有轻度至中度感音神经性听力的老年人 损失，并可能识别听觉过程，如果受损，将 帮助预测在以下情况下即将发生的言语理解恶化 非最佳聆听条件。 这项工作将产生影响 老年人言语交流普遍存在障碍。