RETIREMENT PROCESS IN MEN

老年病学家经常断言退休是一个“过程”，即一个动态过程 在一段时间内发生的经历。尽管这一点很重要 强调不断发展的体验，很少有研究工作投入到 证实了这一点。按照现在的情况，退休过程是一个 直觉上很吸引人，但概念模糊。该项目将开展一项 按顺序对现有面板数据进行协调的程序性系列分析 以明确男性的预期和适应过程 在退役事件之后。该项目将首先审查工作和 退休前几年的退休取向以确定是否 人们从工作中解脱出来，越来越多地参与到 即将退休，测试关于渐进和离散模式的假设 变化的力量。退休后期间的态度和活动将 也进行研究，以确定退休经历是否随年龄的不同而不同 退休的期限；特别是退休后的时期 以一段时间的失望或烦躁为特征。最后，该项目将 确定来自不同退休前优势的员工的程度 相对于晚退休，积分对退休有现实的期望 体验退休生活。 数据分析将基于为期12年的5波小组研究工作和 退休问题；在1975至1987年间对一些 波士顿V.A.标准老龄化研究的1800名男性参与者。 (最初没有资金可用于拟议的分析。)变化 在为退休前和退休后进程编制索引所选择的变量中 将在多个时间轴(年龄、退休前的接近程度、 退休时间)。用于分析的统计模型 将对纵向数据进行结构化，以测试非线性模式 变化。假设没有单一或单一的退休程序， 计划对退休过程中的群体差异进行分析。 关于男性退休经历历程的准确信息将 对未来退休人员有实际好处，以及 向以下人群传播生活方式建议的从业者和规划者 可退休年龄。

Gerontologists often assert that retirement is a "process", i.e., a dynamic experience taking place over a period of time. Despite this important emphasis on evolving experience, little research effort has gone into substantiating it. As it now stands, the retirement process is an intuitively appealing but vague notion. This project will conduct a coordinated programmatic series of analyses on existing panel data in order to specify men's processes of anticipation and adaptation preceding and following the event of retirement. The project will first examine work and retirement orientation over the pre-retirement years to determine whether there is a disengagement from work and a gathering involvement with upcoming retirement, testing hypotheses about gradual and discrete patterns of change. Attitudes and activities over the post-retirement period will also be studied to determine whether retirement experience varies with the duration of retirement; in particular, whether the post-retirement period is marked by a period of letdown or dysphoria. Finally, the project will determine the extent to which workers from different pre-retirement vantage points have realistic expectations of retirement relative to their later experience of retired life. Data analyses will be based on a 12-year, 5-wave panel study of work and retirement issues; surveys were conducted between 1975 and 1987 among some 1,800 male participants in the V.A. Normative Aging Study in Boston. (Funds were not originally available for the proposed analyses.) Changes in the variables chosen to index the pre- and post-retirement processes will be observed over multiple time axes (age, pre-retirement proximity, length of time retired). Statistical models for the analysis of longitudinal data will be structured to test for non-linear patterns of change. Assuming that there is no single or unitary process of retirement, analyses describing group differences in retirement processes are planned. Accurate information about the course of men's retirement experience will be of practical benefit to prospective retirees, as well as to practitioners and planners who disseminate lifestyle advice to persons of retireable age.