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Exploring the transcriptome of Aspergillus nidulans

探索构巢曲霉的转录组

基本信息

批准号：
BB/H020365/1
负责人：
Mark Caddick
金额：
$ 70.33万
依托单位：
University of Liverpool
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2010 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FH020365%2F1
关键词：
Exploring transcriptome Aspergillus nidulans

项目摘要

For many organisms, ranging from pathogenic bacteria to humans, their DNA content, the genome, has been sequenced. This is a marvellous tool for us to improve our understanding of biology with far reaching consequences in fighting human disease, safeguarding and enhancing food production, developing new sources of energy and producing a wide array of products we need, ranging from medicines to fine chemicals. However, the usefulness of these genome sequences is limited by our understanding; it is not a trivial exercise to interpret the information they contain. For example it is often difficult to identify precisely where genes are located, where they begin and end, what features allow one gene to be highly expressed and another weakly. In order to help us interpret and fully exploit the genome sequences it is invaluable to be able to identify all the RNA molecules that the genome encodes, the transcriptome. This has recently become far more straightforward, with the advent of new sequencing technologies that allow us to obtain hundred of millions of short sequences very rapidly and relatively cheaply. These data can then be analysed by sophisticated computational techniques to build a detailed picture of the genomes function. From this we can establish all the different genes that are present, how they behave under different conditions and how they are organised. The aim of this project is to utilise these sequencing approaches to look at the transcriptome of a fungus, Aspergillus nidulans. Although this organism does occasionally cause disease, particularly in individuals suffering from a rare genetic disorder called Chronic Granulomatous disease, it is primarily employed as a model for understanding fundamental biological systems and in particular closely related species of major importance. These include: Aspergillus fumigatus which is an important allergen, often being associated with sick building syndrome, and the major cause of invasive aspergillosis, a life threatening infection in severely immune-compromised patients with a high mortality rate (25-90%). Unfortunately, the effectiveness of the currently available treatments is limited and diagnosis is problematic. Controlling Aspergillus flavus is important to prevent food spoilage, because of its ability to produce aflatoxin, the most potent carcinogen know. Aspergillus niger is the source of most citric acid used in soft drinks and is also used for both the production of proteins and as a source of enzymes for the food industry. Aspergillus oryzae is also used to manufacture of many traditional fermented Japanese food products, such as soy sauce and saki as well as in biotechnology. The aim of this project is therefore to develop a much greater appreciation of how the Aspergillus genome is organised and functions, allowing us to better understand the fundamental nature of these organisms. The potential is that by improving our understanding of Aspergillus biology we will be better equipped to detect, control and eradicate them where necessary and exploit their potential in developing new biotechnological processes and products.

对于许多生物体，从病原菌到人类，它们的DNA内容，基因组，已经测序。这是一个奇妙的工具，可以帮助我们提高对生物学的理解，对防治人类疾病、保护和提高粮食生产、开发新能源以及生产我们所需的各种产品（从药品到精细化学品）产生深远的影响。然而，这些基因组序列的有用性受到我们理解的限制;解释它们所包含的信息并不是一件小事。例如，通常很难精确地确定基因的位置，它们的开始和结束，什么特征允许一个基因高度表达而另一个基因弱表达。为了帮助我们解释和充分利用基因组序列，能够识别基因组编码的所有RNA分子（转录组）是非常宝贵的。最近，随着新测序技术的出现，这一点变得更加直接，新测序技术使我们能够非常快速且相对便宜地获得数亿个短序列。然后，这些数据可以通过复杂的计算技术进行分析，以构建基因组功能的详细图像。由此，我们可以确定存在的所有不同基因，它们在不同条件下的行为以及它们是如何组织的。该项目的目的是利用这些测序方法来研究真菌构巢曲霉的转录组。虽然这种生物偶尔会引起疾病，特别是在患有一种称为慢性肉芽肿病的罕见遗传疾病的个体中，但它主要用作理解基本生物系统的模型，特别是密切相关的重要物种。其中包括：烟曲霉是一种重要的过敏原，通常与病态建筑物综合征有关，也是侵袭性曲霉病的主要原因，侵袭性曲霉病是严重免疫受损患者的危及生命的感染，死亡率高（25-90%）。不幸的是，目前可用的治疗方法的有效性是有限的，诊断是有问题的。控制黄曲霉菌对防止食品腐败很重要，因为它能产生黄曲霉毒素，这是已知的最强致癌物质。尼日尔是软饮料中使用的大多数柠檬酸的来源，也用于生产蛋白质和作为食品工业酶的来源。曲霉菌还用于生产许多传统的日本发酵食品，如酱料和萨基以及生物技术。因此，该项目的目的是更好地了解曲霉基因组的组织和功能，使我们能够更好地了解这些生物体的基本性质。通过提高我们对曲霉菌生物学的理解，我们将能够更好地检测、控制和根除它们，并在开发新的生物技术工艺和产品时利用它们的潜力。