Isolation fractionation and modification of fructans from rye-grass to produce novel biosurfactants and polymers as part of a rye-grass biorefinery

对黑麦草中的果聚糖进行分离分馏和改性，以生产新型生物表面活性剂和聚合物，作为黑麦草生物精炼厂的一部分

• 批准号: BB/I005390/1
• 负责人: Joseph Gallagher
• 金额: $ 22.05万
• 依托单位: Aberystwyth University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FI005390%2F1
• 关键词: Isolation; fractionation; modification; fructans; rye

There are a large number of biorefinery initiatives in Europe based on a range of different feedstocks including grass, cereals, legumes and sugar beet. Grass-based biorefinery initiatives are located in Ireland, Belgium, Austria, Poland, Germany, and the Netherlands. High-sugar perennial rye-grass has the potential to provide an ideal biorefinery feedstock for the production of bio-ethanol and bulk chemicals such as succinates and lactic acid, with other co-product streams such as biocomposite materials and animal feeds manufactured from the fibre fraction. This grass is high yielding (ca.15 tonne dry wt./hectare/year) and is ideally suited to the climatic and soil conditions experienced in the UK. It can grow on marginal land that will not support the growth of cereal crops and hence will not jeopardise future food supplies. It requires low annual inputs, especially when grown with clover as a source of nitrogen, and does not require investment in new equipment for sowing and harvesting. This feedstock is available now and is abundant throughout the UK. From a biorefining perspective, it is highly digestible (4-6% lignin) and has a high water soluble sugar content (up to 40%). It also has the benefit of storing its carbohydrate reserves in the form of the water-soluble sugar, fructan, rather than starch. Unlike starch, which requires treatments with heat, acids and a series of enzymes, for conversion to a fermentable sugar, fructan can be converted through the use of a single enzyme. A grass biorefinery based on ethanol and bulk chemicals as well as biocomposites production alone, however, is unlikely to be economically viable and it is necessary to produce additional high value chemicals from the fructan molecules isolated. This project involves a multidisciplinary team of scientists with complementary skills ranging from plant biology to biochemistry, chemistry and surface and colloid science. It sets out to utilise the diverse range of fructan molecules found in perrential ryegrass, as well as novel molecules created by the action of fructan hydrolysing enzymes on these fructans to produce novel high value chemicals. It will initially identify the optimum rye-grass feedstock for a biorefinery by screening a range of perennial ryegrasses developed at Aberystwyth University that will produce high yields of fructans with specific size and molecular architecture. Novel ultrasound technologies will be investigated to maximise the release of plant sugars from the rye-grass through mechanical rupture of cell walls and to assist in the removal of coloured impurities. The fructans will be separated into different classes according to their molecular size and will then be chemically modified to produce a range of high-value sugar-based polymer and surfactant molecules that can be used in the formulation of a broad range of commercial products including, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, personal care, coatings, etc.. Their role in these products is to aid the dispersion of particles, the emulsification of oils and in the control the rheological behaviour. The global demand for surfactants in 2000 was 19.2 million tonnes with carbohydrate based products accounting for 2.9 million tonnes. The demand for biosurfactants produced from renewable sources is likely to expand rapidly, with increasing pressure to reduce the reliance on petroleum derived products. The contribution of the value of the speciality chemicals produced during the course of the project will be assessed with regards to the economics of a total grass grass biorefinery.

欧洲有大量的生物精炼计划，基于一系列不同的原料，包括草，谷物，豆类和甜菜。以草为基础的生物精炼计划位于爱尔兰、比利时、奥地利、波兰、德国和荷兰。高糖多年生黑麦草有可能为生产生物乙醇和散装化学品（如琥珀酸盐和乳酸）提供理想的生物精炼原料，并具有其他副产品流（如由纤维部分制造的生物复合材料和动物饲料）。这种草产量高（约15吨干重/公顷/年），非常适合英国的气候和土壤条件。它可以生长在不支持谷类作物生长的边际土地上，因此不会危及未来的粮食供应。它需要低的年投入，特别是当用三叶草作为氮源种植时，并且不需要投资新的播种和收获设备。这种原料现在是可用的，在整个英国是丰富的。从生物精炼的角度来看，它是高度可消化的（4-6%木质素），并具有高水溶性糖含量（高达40%）。它还具有以水溶性糖果聚糖而不是淀粉的形式储存碳水化合物储备的好处。与淀粉不同，淀粉需要用热、酸和一系列酶处理才能转化为可发酵的糖，果聚糖可以通过使用单一酶来转化。然而，基于乙醇和散装化学品以及单独的生物复合材料生产的草生物精炼厂在经济上不太可能可行，并且有必要从分离的果聚糖分子中生产额外的高价值化学品。该项目涉及一个多学科的科学家团队，他们具有从植物生物学到生物化学、化学、表面和胶体科学的互补技能。它开始利用多花黑麦草中发现的各种果聚糖分子，以及通过果聚糖水解酶对这些果聚糖的作用产生的新型分子，以生产新型高价值化学品。它将通过筛选阿伯里斯特威斯大学开发的一系列多年生黑麦草来初步确定生物精炼厂的最佳黑麦草原料，这些黑麦草将产生具有特定大小和分子结构的高产量果聚糖。将研究新的超声波技术，通过机械破裂细胞壁，最大限度地从黑麦草中释放植物糖，并帮助去除有色杂质。果聚糖将根据其分子大小分为不同的类别，然后进行化学改性以产生一系列高价值的糖基聚合物和表面活性剂分子，这些分子可用于配制广泛的商业产品，包括药物，化妆品，个人护理，涂料等。它们在这些产品中的作用是帮助颗粒分散、油的乳化和控制流变行为。2000年全球表面活性剂的需求量为1920万吨，其中碳水化合物类产品占290万吨。对可再生资源生产的生物表面活性剂的需求可能会迅速扩大，减少对石油衍生产品的依赖的压力越来越大。在项目过程中生产的特种化学品的价值贡献将根据整个草生物精炼厂的经济性进行评估。

项目成果

Novel rapid method for the characterisation of polymeric sugars from macroalgae.

• DOI: 10.1007/s10811-016-0995-0
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Journal of applied phycology
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Spicer SE;Adams JMM;Thomas DS;Gallagher JA;Winters AL
• 通讯作者: Winters AL

Determination of the degree of polymerisation of fructans from ryegrass and chicory using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry and Gel Permeation Chromatography coupled to multiangle laser light scattering

• DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.01.015
• 发表时间: 2016-02
• 期刊: Food Hydrocolloids
• 影响因子: 10.7
• 作者: M. Evans;J. Gallagher;I. Ratcliffe;Peter A. Williams

Genetic Differentiation in Response to Selection for Water-Soluble Carbohydrate Content in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

• DOI: 10.1007/s12155-014-9491-z
• 发表时间: 2015-03-01
• 期刊: BIOENERGY RESEARCH
• 影响因子: 3.6
• 作者: Gallagher, J. A.;Turner, L. B.;Roldan-Ruiz, I.
• 通讯作者: Roldan-Ruiz, I.

Fructan synthesis, accumulation and polymer traits. II. Fructan pools in populations of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) with variation for water-soluble carbohydrate and candidate genes were not correlated with biosynthetic activity and demonstrated constraints to polymer chain extension.

• DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00864
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Frontiers in plant science
• 影响因子: 5.6
• 作者: Gallagher JA;Cairns AJ;Thomas D;Timms-Taravella E;Skøt K;Charlton A;Williams P;Turner LB
• 通讯作者: Turner LB

Fructan synthesis, accumulation, and polymer traits. I. Festulolium chromosome substitution lines.

• DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00486
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Frontiers in plant science
• 影响因子: 5.6
• 作者: Gallagher JA;Cairns AJ;Thomas D;Charlton A;Williams P;Turner LB
• 通讯作者: Turner LB