Development of new tools for genetic selection for a sustainable poultry industry (CHIPSUS)

开发可持续家禽业遗传选择新工具 (CHIPSUS)

• 批准号: BB/I011005/1
• 负责人: David Burt
• 金额: $ 64.7万
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FI011005%2F1
• 关键词: Development; new; tools; genetic; selection

UK public policy is demanding reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and ammonia to meet international targets. In poultry breeding there is a need to maintain competitiveness, and to reduce costs arising from wastage of feed and non-productive birds. Addressing these breeding goals implicates traits such as feed conversion ratio, fertility, performance in commercial traits, and liveability associated with disease resistance and animal welfare. It is these same traits that affect greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions per kilogram of product in broilers or layers. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the impact of broiler production on the environment suggests feed accounts for 80% of supply chain energy use, 82% of greenhouse gas emissions, 98% of ozone depleting emissions, and 96% of acidify and eutrophying gases. In contrast, farm inputs and emissions, mostly from heating and ventilation, only contribute towards these impacts to only a minor degree. Such a breeding goals with this combination of traits has proven difficult to improve through standard trait recording; with sex and age limitations, low heritability and costs of measurement all contributing barriers to progress. Recent developments in DNA technology promise to overcome these barriers, in particular in high throughput processing of dense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). Concurrently, the idea of genomic selection has emerged, in which dense marker information is used primarily as a predictor of the whole breeding value. Progress in developing genomic selection in poultry is hampered by the need to develop and implement a dense and relevant chicken genotyping chip assay, based upon an extensive catalogue of SNP variants. To develop this requires a new research initiative, as proposed here. The overall aim of this project is to develop and implement sustainable evaluation and selection tools using a genome-wide chicken SNP panel and in so doing accelerate the reduction in greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions in the UK and worldwide, and provide the route map and key tools for the whole sector to follow. This will be achieved through five tasks: (i) create a database of genomic variation within and between poultry breeds by high throughput sequence analysis of DNA samples; (ii) design and validate a novel, high-throughput genotyping assay; (iii) genotype broilers with well characterised EBVs for relevant traits; (iv) develop and validate genomic predictors, and (v) optimise methods to implement these tools into the breeding system. The direct benefits of this project lie in the reduction of greenhouse gas potential and ammonia per unit product in poultry, maintaining the competitiveness of the UK industry, and in the improvement of animal welfare through increased liveability, but also opportunities will be created for releasing grain and associated land for other purposes through the improvement of FCR. The acceleration of genetic gain is anticipated to be of the order of 20 to 40% depending on the trait. Benefits accrued by genetic selection will be permanent and accumulate over time, and are achieved at low risk.

英国的公共政策要求减少温室气体和氨的排放，以达到国际目标。在家禽饲养方面，需要保持竞争力，并减少因饲料浪费和非生产性家禽而产生的成本。实现这些育种目标涉及诸如饲料转化率、肥力、商业性状性能以及与抗病和动物福利相关的宜居性等性状。正是这些特性影响着肉鸡或蛋鸡每公斤产品的温室气体和氨排放量。肉鸡生产对环境影响的生命周期评估（LCA）表明，饲料占供应链能源消耗的80%，占温室气体排放的82%，占臭氧消耗排放的98%，占酸化和富营养化气体的96%。相比之下，农业投入和排放，主要来自供暖和通风，对这些影响的贡献很小。这种性状组合的育种目标已被证明很难通过标准性状记录来改进；由于性别和年龄的限制，低遗传性和测量成本都是阻碍进展的障碍。DNA技术的最新发展有望克服这些障碍，特别是在高密度单核苷酸多态性（SNP）的高通量处理方面。同时，基因组选择的思想已经出现，其中密集的标记信息主要被用作整个育种价值的预测器。基于广泛的SNP变异目录，需要开发和实施密集且相关的鸡基因分型芯片试验，这阻碍了家禽基因组选择的进展。要发展这一点，需要一项新的研究倡议，正如这里所提议的那样。该项目的总体目标是利用全基因组鸡SNP面板开发和实施可持续评估和选择工具，从而加速减少英国和世界范围内的温室气体和氨排放，并为整个行业提供路线图和关键工具。这将通过以下五项任务来实现：(i)通过对DNA样本进行高通量序列分析，建立家禽品种内部和品种之间的基因组变异数据库；（ii）设计并验证一种新型的高通量基因分型分析；（iii）相关性状具有良好ebv特征的基因型肉鸡；（iv）开发和验证基因组预测因子，以及(v)优化方法，将这些工具应用到育种系统中。该项目的直接效益在于减少家禽的温室气体潜力和单位产品的氨，保持英国工业的竞争力，并通过提高宜居性改善动物福利，但也将创造机会，通过改善FCR释放粮食和相关土地用于其他目的。根据性状的不同，遗传增益的加速预计在20%到40%之间。基因选择带来的好处将是永久性的，随着时间的推移而积累，而且实现的风险很低。

项目成果

NGS of multiple chicken lines and development of a high-density 600K SNP genotyping array

多个鸡系的 NGS 和高密度 600K SNP 基因分型芯片的开发

• 作者: David Burt (Author)

Chicken genome update, consortia for RNAseq, SNPs and more ?

鸡基因组更新、RNAseq、SNP 等联盟？

• 作者: David Burt (Author)

Poultry Genome: Implications for Immunity, Poultry Productivity and Health

家禽基因组：对免疫、家禽生产力和健康的影响

• 作者: David Burt (Author)

Avian genomics: status and future opportunities

禽类基因组学：现状和未来机遇

• 作者: David Burt (Author)

Development of New Tools for Genetic Selection for a Sustainable Poultry Industry

为可持续家禽业开发遗传选择新工具

• 作者: David Burt (Author)