CUKPGP:New pest resistance in rice, by breeding and genetic modification (GM) for constitutive and inducible levels of defence homoterpenes

该项目旨在开发和评估中国新一代的水稻作物，通过无毒的作用方式，即通过改变害虫的行为，来保护主要害虫种群。该项目的创新科学将为中国粮食生产环境可持续解决方案的发展提供基础，并扩展到农村地区的小农农场。同源萜烯的生物合成基因已知对水稻害虫有活性，但尚未以任何方式用于可持续的害虫防治，将首先通过下一代测序和生物信息学初步确定，使用来自野生和模式植物的相关遗传学信息（包括来自英中合作BB/J020281/1），并通过过度表达（包括在水稻中）确认身份，然后进行化学分析。然后，将利用化学分析和害虫研究，筛选这些基因的高表达水稻品种和亲缘品种，并在诱导启动子序列的调控下创建过表达这些基因的新品系，包括水稻褐飞虱（Nilaparvata lugens）及其寄生虫，包括nilaparvatae。这两条路线中最有前途的品系将通过育种，包括合成杂交的生产，以及在第3年进行初步的田间评估的进一步基因工程来开发。这将通过育种和基因改造产生新的可持续抗虫害性状，从而提供既能抗虫害又能利用自然寄生的水稻品种。除了在水稻上的价值外，这些性状将直接适用于其他作物，包括长期多年生雨养水稻。这种新的合作提供了必要的育种机会和功能基因多样性（中国）和次生代谢物防御靶点（英国）。

This project aims to develop and evaluate a new generation of rice crops in China with protection against major insect pest populations, that is delivered via a non-toxic mode of action, ie through modification of pest behaviour. The innovative science in this project will underpin the development of environmentally sustainable solutions for food production in China, extending to small-holder farms in rural areas. The genes responsible for the biosynthesis of homoterpenes, known to be active against rice pests but not yet in any way exploited in sustainable pest control, will first be identified tentatively by next generation sequencing and bioinformatics, using information (including from UK-China Collaboration BB/J020281/1) from related genetics via wild and model plants, and identity confirmed by overexpression, including in rice, followed by chemical analysis. Elite rice cultivars and relatives will then be screened for high expression of these genes and new lines created overexpressing them under regulation by inducible promoter sequences, using chemical analysis and studies with pests, including the rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens, and their parasites, including Anagrus nilaparvatae. The most promising lines from both routes will be developed by breeding, including production of synthetic crosses, and further genetic engineering for preliminary field evaluation in year 3. This will produce new sustainable pest resistance traits by breeding and genetic modification that will provide rice varieties that both resist pests but also exploit natural parasitism. In addition to the value in rice, these traits will be directly applicable to other crops, including in the long term perennial rain-fed rice. This new cooperation provides essential breeding opportunities and functional gene diversity (China) and secondary metabolite defence targeting (UK).