CURTAILING THE USE OF SMOKELESS TOBACCO THROUGH 4-H

提出了一项为期五年的项目，涉及 加州大学伯克利分校和加州4-H青年计划， 由UC管理，向9-19岁的所有青少年开放。初级阶段 目标是开发和评估两种教育干预措施 预防和减少青年使用无烟烟草。其他 目标是确定年轻人的模式和决定因素 无烟烟草(ST)的使用；开发基于经验的无烟烟草模型 使用；制定评估程序以确定长期计划 有效性；并测试使用加利福尼亚4-H的有效性 计划作为一种干预工具。研究人群将成为成员 遍布加州的4-H俱乐部。 该项目包括三个相互关联的阶段：(1)探索性研究 导致了对大约2800名青年的正式调查，然后是 开发基于经验的ST吸收和使用模型；(2) 制定3个教育课程(ST、包括ST在内的综合烟草课程 香烟和控制力。每门课程有两个“助推器”课程， 旨在以后交付，也将开发。指示将需要 自然多年龄组的优势。以县为基地的4-H学院 人员将参与程序开发和数据收集。 培训结束后，通常领导4-H俱乐部的志愿者成年人将教授 教育课程。课程的有效性将在3个月内进行测试 (课程)x 2(助推器存在)析因设计。结果衡量标准 将包括ST和香烟使用情况的自我报告，并辅之以唾液 可替宁分析，并通过人口统计、社会和心理调节 变量。分析将使用180个4-H俱乐部的可变手段(30% 细胞)，提供了一个真正的实验在俱乐部平均水平。个体 水平数据分析(来自大约6200名受试者)，将识别风险 因素和决定进入变量的影响；(3)阶段3将 包括27个月的长期随访和5个测量点 立即进行后测。离开4-H的个人将被仔细追踪 后续行动。4-H俱乐部将在当地采用与ST相关的项目 被监视着。将对计划的成本效益进行分析，预计 由于自愿担任成人会议的领导，所以表现出色。重要 传播项目材料的受众包括国家4-H方案 在全国范围内，其他校外教育项目和学校。

A five-year project is proposed involving collaboration between the University of California, Berkeley and the California 4-H Youth Program, administered by UC and open to all youth 9-19 years of age. The primary objective is to develop and evaluate two educational interventions for preventing and reducing the use of smokeless tobacco among youth. Other objectives are to identify patterns and determinants of young people's smokeless tobacco (ST) use; to develop an empirically-based model of ST use; to develop assessment procedures to determine long-term program effectiveness; and to test the effectiveness of using the California 4-H program as an intervention vehicle. The study population will be members of 4-H clubs throughout California. The project involves 3 interlocking phases: (1) exploratory research leading to a formal survey of approximately 2800 youth, and then to the development of an empirically-based model of ST uptake and use; (2) the development of 3 educational curricula (ST, integrated tobacco including ST and cigarettes, and control. Two "booster" sessions per curricula, intended for later delivery, will also be developed. Instruction will take advantage of natural multi-age groupings. County-based 4-H academic personnel will participate in program development and data collection. After training, volunteer adults who normally lead 4-H clubs will teach the educational sessions. Effectiveness of curricula will be tested in a 3 (curricula) x 2 (presence of boosters) factorial design. Outcome measures will include self-reports of ST and cigarette use supplemented by saliva cotinine analysis, and by demographic, social, and psychological mediating variables. Analysis will use variable means of 180 4-H clubs (30 per cell), providing a true experiment at the club mean level. Individual level data analysis (from approximately 6200 subjects), will identify risk factors and determine the influence of entry variables; (3) Phase 3 will involve long-term followup through 27 months and 5 measurement points after immediate posttest. Individuals leaving 4-H will be carefully tracked for followup. Local adoption of ST-related projects by 4-H clubs will be monitored. Program cost-effectiveness will be analyzed and is expected to be excellent due to volunteer adult leadership of sessions. Important audiences for dissemination of project materials include State 4-H programs across the country, other out-of-school educational programs, and schools.