SMOKING BEHAVIOR AND THE STRESS/ILLNESS MODEL

关于压力/吸烟的文献几乎是乱七八糟的 令人兴奋但不连贯的发现。压力是可操作的 各式各样，吸烟也是如此。很难分辨出一种模式 这些结果将清楚地表明下一步 研究应该以及如何对健康和健康的关键结果 疾病可能与此有关。一些全面的概念框架 现在迫切需要帮助组织现存的压力/吸烟 并指导今后的研究工作。这个项目 采用了这样的概念模型。 四种有时被称为压力的概念被认为是 被发现与吸烟行为的某些方面有关。他们 包括：心理困扰、重大生活事件、日常生活 易怒和人格特质焦虑。该模型预测 心理上的困扰直接影响到 吸烟行为的变化和轻微疾病本身 直接受到日常烦躁和特质焦虑的影响 间接地通过重大的生活事件。社会心理保护性 还引入和预测了缓冲的因素 将压力转化为吸烟和疾病。 200名吸烟者和100名不吸烟者将被 招聘并支付费用，以完成调查问卷 各种应激和心理措施，参与其中 健康面谈和重点体检，以及 仅限吸烟者，有人类吸烟的特征 吸烟机和可替宁分析完成。主题将是 在两次访问之间相隔一个月见过两次。伊利诺伊大学 肯塔基州调查研究中心将管理学科招聘 和数据收集。将使用多元回归来 分析数据。 这项研究的两大优点是使用了 组织现有成果和指南的概念框架 除OBJECTIVE之外的进一步研究和使用 自我报告吸烟情况和身体状况。其他 优势包括对保护效果的检查 第一次在吸烟区的因素和使用 纵向研究设计。

The stress/smoking literature is pretty much a jumble of titillating but disjointed findings. Stress is operationalized variously, as is smoking. It is difficult to discern a pattern of results that would clearly suggest what the next step in research should be and how the critical outcomes of health and illness might tie in. Some comprehensive conceptual framework is now sorely needed to help organize extant stress/smoking results and guide future research efforts. This project employs such a conceptual model. Four constructs occasionally referred to as stress, have been found to be associated with aspects of smoking behavior. They are: psychophysiological distress, major life events, daily irritations and personality trait anxiety. The model predicts that psychophysiological distress directly influences variations in smoking behavior and minor illness and is itself influenced directly by daily irritations and trait anxiety and indirectly by major life events. Protective psychosocial factors are also introduced and predicted to buffer the translation of stress into smoking and illness. Two hundred smoking and 100 nonsmoking college students will be recruited and paid to complete the questionnaire for the assorted stress and psychological measures, to participate in health interviews and focused physical examinations and, for smokers only, to have smoking characterization by a human smoking machine and cotinine analyses done. Subjects will be seen twice with one month between visits. The University of Kentucky Survey Research Center will manage subject recruitment and data collection. Multiple regression will be used to analyze the data. The two major strengths of the study are the use of a conceptual framework to organize extant results and guide further research and the use of objective in addition to self-report measures of smoking and physical status. Other strengths include the examination of the effects of protective factors for the first time in the smoking area and use of a longitudinal research design.