PSYCHOSOCIAL EVALUATION OF CRANIOFACIAL PATIENTS

目前的研究表明， 评估颅面疾病患者的功能， 在6到13岁之间接受手术 随访这些 术后1至2年的患者仅显示出有限的改善， 一些心理社会措施和其他可能的恶化。 近几 多年来，另一个颅面组已经形成， 在4岁之前接受手术，现在已经足够大可以进行评估 社会心理学（6至13岁）。 这些孩子值得学习他们自己的 因为他们代表了颅面人群的主要部分。 他们也提供了一个有趣的补充，以类似的年龄颅面 后接受手术的患者。 这些组的比较将提供 关于手术时机对心理社会影响的重要性的信息 颅面患者的调整。 此外，心理社会措施， 早期手术患者的数据将与另外两个 研究组、正常对照组和患者组 有先天性泌尿系统畸形手术矫正史 在4岁之前。 具体问题如下：（1） 两组手术后先天性畸形的儿童， 这项研究将处于不利的心理社会相对于正常的 儿童; 2）是否有明显可见的先天性缺陷的儿童 （颅面畸形）将处于不利的心理社会 相对于具有不可见缺陷的儿童和正常儿童; 3） 是否颅面儿童在3岁或之前做手术， 表现出更好的心理社会适应能力， 矫正手术后; 4）是否采取心理社会调整措施 这些群体与外表评分相关。 社会心理状态 将通过与受试者和家长面谈进行评估，以及 按科目、家长和教师分列的心理测量工具完成情况 反映孩子的自我概念、情绪、内外向， 社会经验，感知的外观，在家里的行为， 教室

Current research is demonstrating modest limitations in the psychosocial functioning of patients with craniofacial disorders evaluated and undergoing surgery between the ages of 6 and 13. Follow-up of these patients 1 to 2 years postoperatively reveals only limited improvement in some psychosocial measures and possible deterioration in others. In recent years another craniofacial group has been formed, children who underwent surgery before the age of 4 and who are now old enough to be evaluated psychosocially (ages 6 to 13). These children merit study in their own right as they represent a major segment of the craniofacial population. They also provide an interesting complement to a similar aged craniofacial group who received surgery later. Comparison of these groups will provide information on the significance of timing of surgery on psychosocial adjustment in craniofacial patients. In addition, psychosocial measures of the early operated patients will be compared with data from two other groups to be studied, a normal comparison group and a group of patients with a history of congenital urologic malformations surgically corrected before the age of 4. Specific questions to be addressed are: 1) whether children having the congenital anomalies of the two post-surgical groups of this study will be at a disadvantage psychosocially relative to normal children; 2) whether children with a clearly visible congenital defect (craniofacial malformations) will be at a disadvantage psychosocially relative to children with a non-visible defect and normal children; 3) whether craniofacial children having surgery done at age 3 or before will demonstrate better psychosocial adjustment in comparison to children having corrective surgery later; 4) whether measures of psychosocial adjustment for these groups are correlated with rated appearance. Psychosocial status will be assessed by means of interview with subject and parent(s), and completion of psychometric instruments by subject, parent and teacher reflecting the child's self concept, mood, introversion-extroversion, social experiences, perceived appearance, behavior in the home and classroom.