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Reduced Stomatal Density Wheat: New Prospects for Drought and Pathogen Resistance

气孔密度降低的小麦：干旱和抗病原性的新前景

基本信息

批准号：
BB/N004167/1
负责人：
Julie Gray
金额：
$ 53.25万
依托单位：
University of Sheffield
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FN004167%2F1
关键词：
Reduced Stomatal Density Wheat New

项目摘要

Stomata are microscopic pores on the surface of leaves that allow gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere. They are crucial for photosynthesis, but water vapour is lost through stomata, and they provide an entry point for damaging diseases. When water is limiting, the stomatal pores adjust to prevent water loss but they can never completely close. We have shown with the test plant Arabidopsis that reducing the number of stomata can improve plant drought resistance by reducing water loss through transpiration. Because of rising carbon dioxide levels these plants showed little or no reduction in photosynthesis. We would like to apply this strategy to wheat so that we can test whether reducing stomatal numbers could improve crop drought tolerance, a major limitation to yield in many parts of the world. We have already generated wheat plants with genetically reduced stomatal numbers, and propose to test whether growing these under drought conditions can improve the total yield of grain harvested. We will check that the alterations we have made in stomatal number and water loss have not had a detrimental effect on the uptake of important minerals, such as phosphate and nitrate by the roots. In addition, we will analyze the wheat grain to ensure that the level of nutrients important for the human diet have not been affected. Stomata are the only entry point for several important fungal diseases that cause major losses of wheat crops in the UK. We have shown that in addition to being more drought resistant, our Arabidopsis test plants with reduced stomatal number, have the added benefit of reduced entry of disease causing microbes. Therefore an important part of this project will be to test whether the wheat plants that we have identified with reduced stomatal number have enhanced resistance to these fungal diseases. If so, this trait has the potential to protect crop yields, and could be transferred to many crops which are infected by diseases entering through stomata. The experiments to look plant disease tolerance will be carried out by the National Institute of Agricultural Botany (NIAB) in Cambridge.In Sheffield we have excellent facilities for growing plants under different environmental conditions. We will be able to test whether our wheat continue to perform as well when grown at the raised carbon dioxide levels predicted to occur in the near future. These experiments will be performed on genetically modified (GM) plants but we also propose to isolate wheat variants in genes that are known to be involved in stomatal development through a non-GM technique, so that we can include these in our studies and test them for drought and pathogen resistance. We hope that one of the commercial members of the Sustainable Agriculture Research & Innovation Club (SARIC) will want to support our work through to commercialising a new drought tolerant wheat variety.

气孔是叶子表面的微小孔隙，允许植物和大气之间进行气体交换。它们对于光合作用至关重要，但水蒸气会通过气孔流失，并且它们为破坏性疾病提供了切入点。当水分有限时，气孔会调整以防止水分流失，但它们永远无法完全关闭。我们通过试验植物拟南芥证明，减少气孔数量可以通过减少蒸腾作用的水分流失来提高植物的抗旱性。由于二氧化碳水平上升，这些植物的光合作用几乎没有减少或没有减少。我们希望将这一策略应用于小麦，以便我们可以测试减少气孔数量是否可以提高作物的耐旱性，这是世界许多地区产量的主要限制。我们已经培育出气孔数量经过基因减少的小麦植株，并提议测试在干旱条件下种植这些小麦是否可以提高收获谷物的总产量。我们将检查对气孔数量和水分流失所做的改变不会对根部吸收重要矿物质（例如磷酸盐和硝酸盐）产生不利影响。此外，我们还将分析小麦籽粒，以确保对人类饮食重要的营养素水平不受影响。气孔是几种重要真菌病害的唯一侵入点，这些病害导致英国小麦作物遭受重大损失。我们已经证明，除了更加抗旱之外，我们的气孔数量减少的拟南芥测试植物还具有减少致病微生物进入的额外好处。因此，该项目的一个重要部分将是测试我们发现的气孔数量减少的小麦植株是否增强了对这些真菌病害的抵抗力。如果是这样，这一性状就有可能保护作物产量，并且可以转移到许多受到通过气孔进入的疾病感染的作物上。考察植物抗病性的实验将由位于剑桥的国家农业植物研究所 (NIAB) 进行。在谢菲尔德，我们拥有在不同环境条件下种植植物的优良设施。我们将能够测试我们的小麦在预计不久的将来会出现的二氧化碳水平升高的情况下生长时是否继续表现良好。这些实验将在转基因（GM）植物上进行，但我们还建议通过非转基因技术分离已知参与气孔发育的基因中的小麦变体，以便我们可以将它们纳入我们的研究中并测试它们的干旱和病原体抗性。我们希望可持续农业研究与创新俱乐部 (SARIC) 的商业成员之一能够支持我们的工作，将新的耐旱小麦品种商业化。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Stomatal Function Requires Pectin De-methyl-esterification of the Guard Cell Wall.

DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2016.08.021
发表时间：
2016-11-07
期刊：
CURRENT BIOLOGY
影响因子：
9.2
作者：
Amsbury, Sam;Hunt, Lee;Elhaddad, Nagat;Baillie, Alice;Lundgren, Marjorie;Verhertbruggen, Yves;Scheller, Henrik V.;Knox, J. Paul;Fleming, Andrew J.;Gray, Julie E.
通讯作者：
Gray, Julie E.

Reducing Stomatal Density in Barley Improves Drought Tolerance without Impacting on Yield