Root type contribution to phosphate nutrition of rice during asymbiosis and interaction with symbiotic fungi.

水稻非共生及与共生真菌相互作用过程中根系类型对磷酸盐营养的贡献。

• 批准号: BB/N008723/1
• 负责人: Uta Paszkowski
• 金额: $ 77.04万
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FN008723%2F1
• 关键词: Root; type; contribution; phosphate; nutrition

Phosphate (Pi) is an essential plant macronutrient and occurs in scarce amounts in most soils, which frequently limits plant growth. Plant fitness and crop productivity is directly influenced by the plant root system's efficiency in exploring soil nutrient resources. Plant root systems are composed of distinct root types (RTs), and their ratio and spatial arrangement define root system architecture and nutrient foraging efficiency. RTs may individually respond to their abiotic and biotic soil microenvironment, thereby asymmetrically contributing to plant nutrient acquisition. Consistently, there is a growing interest of scientist and breeders in classifying and quantifying root system architectural traits (reviewed in Rogers and Benfey, 2015) towards 'designer crops with optimal root system architecture for nutrient acquisition' (Kong et al., 2014). Surprisingly however, RTs are 'under-investigated' in particular in adult crops where RT-focused research is missing. The Paszkowski group has addressed this gap in knowledge by studying the RTs of adult rice plants at V8 stage (before flowering). The root system of adult rice is composed of three RTs, the crown, large and fine lateral roots (CR, LLR, FLR, respectively) with distinct developmental and anatomical characteristics. Unique transcriptional signatures for each rice RT were revealed, which suggested distinct roles in nutrient acquisition (Gutjahr et al., 2015). Plants acquire Pi either directly or in association with naturally prevalent arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. In rice, the different RTs exhibit variable extent of colonization with LLR fully and CR partially colonized, whereas FLRs remain non-colonized (Gutjahr et al., 2009). Exposing rice roots to a beneficial AM fungus led to the profound modulation of each RT transcriptome, indicative of a switch in their functional relationship. The contribution of individual RTs to rice Pi nutrition in asymbiosis or during interaction with AM fungi remains at present unclear and represents the main objective of this proposal. In addition, the Paszkowski group has recently discovered that exclusively vacuoles of fungus-containing plant cells accumulated structures resembling polyphosphate-storage bodies (Roth & Paszkowski, unpublished), previously not described for higher plants. Colonized and non-colonized RTs thus appear to differ in the spatial distribution and speciation of tissue phosphorus, which may impact on the nutritional physiology of the plant. The proposed work aims at quantitatively and spatially determining Pi uptake and partitioning into tissue and cellular pools across the RTs of adult rice root systems. The application of a unique combination of interdisciplinary techniques in analytics, imaging and molecular genetics will deliver an insight into in situ phosphorus fluxes at unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution. As a staple food for more than half of the human population, rice is central for food security. The study will inform about RT functioning, important for rational breeding approaches towards improved plant stress tolerance and crop productivity.

磷酸盐（Pi）是植物必需的大量营养素，在大多数土壤中含量很少，经常限制植物生长。植物根系对土壤养分资源的利用效率直接影响植物的适宜性和作物的生产力。植物根系由不同的根型组成，根型的比例和空间排列决定了根系的构型和营养物质的搜寻效率。RTs可以单独响应其非生物和生物土壤微环境，从而不对称地促进植物养分的获取。因此，科学家和育种家对分类和量化根系结构性状（在Rogers和Bennett，2015中综述）的兴趣越来越大，以实现“具有最佳根系结构以获得养分的设计作物”（Kong等人，2014年）。然而，令人惊讶的是，RTs是“调查不足”，特别是在成年作物中，以RT为重点的研究是缺失的。Paszkowski小组通过研究V8期（开花前）水稻植株的RT来解决这一知识空白。水稻成株根系由冠根、大侧根和细侧根组成，具有明显的发育和解剖特征。揭示了每种水稻RT的独特转录特征，这表明在营养获取中的不同作用（Gutjahr等人，2015年）的报告。植物直接或与自然流行的丛枝菌根（AM）真菌联合获得Pi。在水稻中，不同的RT表现出不同程度的定殖，LLR完全定殖，CR部分定殖，而FLR保持非定殖（Gutjahr等人，2009年）。将水稻根系暴露于有益的AM真菌导致每个RT转录组的深刻调制，表明它们的功能关系发生了转变。在与AM真菌的非共生或相互作用过程中，单个RTs对水稻Pi营养的贡献目前仍不清楚，代表了本提案的主要目标。此外，Paszkowski小组最近发现，含有真菌的植物细胞的液泡中专门积累了类似于多磷酸盐储存体的结构（Roth & Paszkowski，未发表），这在以前的高等植物中没有描述过。因此，定殖和非定殖的RTs出现不同的空间分布和形态的组织磷，这可能会影响植物的营养生理。这项工作的目的是定量和空间确定磷的吸收和分配到组织和细胞库跨RTs的成年水稻根系。在分析，成像和分子遗传学的跨学科技术的独特组合的应用将提供一个洞察原位磷通量在前所未有的时空分辨率。作为一半以上人口的主食，大米是粮食安全的核心。这项研究将告知RT功能，这对于提高植物抗逆性和作物生产力的合理育种方法至关重要。

项目成果

An N-acetylglucosamine transporter required for arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses in rice and maize.

• DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2017.73
• 发表时间: 2017-05-26
• 期刊: Nature plants
• 影响因子: 18
• 作者: Nadal M;Sawers R;Naseem S;Bassin B;Kulicke C;Sharman A;An G;An K;Ahern KR;Romag A;Brutnell TP;Gutjahr C;Geldner N;Roux C;Martinoia E;Konopka JB;Paszkowski U
• 通讯作者: Paszkowski U

The impact of domestication and crop improvement on arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in cereals: insights from genetics and genomics

驯化和作物改良对谷物丛枝菌根共生的影响：来自遗传学和基因组学的见解

• DOI: 10.17863/cam.24745
• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Paszkowski U

An N-acetylglucosamine transporter required for arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses in rice and maize

水稻和玉米丛枝菌根共生所需的 N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖转运蛋白

• DOI: 10.17863/cam.10289
• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Nadal M