The genomics of thermal adaptation in a model pest insect

模式害虫的热适应基因组学

• 批准号: BB/N011759/1
• 负责人: Lewis Spurgin
• 金额: $ 38.11万
• 依托单位: University of East Anglia
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FN011759%2F1
• 关键词: genomics; thermal; adaptation; model; pest

One sixth of the world's crop production is lost to pests and diseases each year. Rises in global temperatures are expected to cause dramatic shifts in the range and abundance of food pests, with potentially alarming consequences for global food supplies. To protect food security in the context of a changing climate therefore requires multidisciplinary research into how pest species adapt to their environments, drawing from the fields of molecular biology, genetics, ecology and evolutionary biology. Understanding how organisms adapt to high temperature is especially important, as temperature increases affect organisms in a wide range of ways, from their DNA to their complex social behaviours.Combining the principles of Darwinian evolution with DNA sequencing is an excellent way of studying how pests adapt to temperature. Pest species usually have very short life-cycles, so can evolve rapidly in response to changing temperatures. Studying how pests evolve in response to temperature using DNA sequencing is a promising way forward because i) many of the characteristics and processes thought to be important for how pests adapt to temperature, such as body size, development and stress response, have a genetic basis; and ii) it will enable us to identify new genes, and new biological processes, involved in adapting to climate. At present, however, we know very little about what kinds of genes are involved in adapting to temperature, and less still about how rapidly these genes can evolve and allow pests to spread.I will study how food pests adapt to temperature. My study organism will be the red flour beetle, a major pest of stored grain that causes enormous amounts of wheat, rice and corn to be discarded each year. It is also a "model species" for DNA research, with detailed genetic information available, and is easy to rear and study in the laboratory. I will study how red flour beetles evolve in response to extreme temperatures in real time, using replicated populations that have been maintained in the laboratory at high temperature for 60 generations. By sequencing the genomes of individual flour beetles adapted to living at extreme temperatures, I will identify the genes and biological processes that govern adaptation to temperature, and find out how these genes interact with one another. Additionally, because I have samples available from every generation since this experiment was set up, I will be able to look at how genes involved in adaptation to temperature evolve over time, and in doing so determine how rapidly these important genes can respond to changing temperature.The proposed research will give us a better understanding of how DNA enables individuals and populations adapt to their environments. And, importantly, it will help us generate better predictions of where and when food pests are likely to spread as the global climate continues to change.

每年世界六分之一的农作物产量因害虫和疾病而损失。全球气温上升预计将导致粮食害虫的范围和数量发生巨大变化，对全球粮食供应可能造成令人担忧的后果。因此，要在气候变化的背景下保护粮食安全，就需要利用分子生物学、遗传学、生态学和进化生物学等领域的知识，对害虫物种如何适应其环境进行多学科研究。了解生物如何适应高温尤为重要，因为温度升高会以多种方式影响生物，从DNA到复杂的社会行为。将达尔文进化论原理与DNA测序相结合是研究害虫如何适应温度的绝佳方法。害虫物种的生命周期通常很短，因此可以迅速进化以应对温度的变化。使用DNA测序研究害虫如何进化以应对温度是一个有希望的前进方向，因为i）许多被认为对害虫如何适应温度很重要的特征和过程，例如体型、发育和应激反应，都具有遗传基础; ii）它将使我们能够识别参与适应气候的新基因和新生物过程。然而，目前我们对什么样的基因参与了对温度的适应还知之甚少，更不知道这些基因能以多快的速度进化并允许害虫传播。我将研究粮食害虫如何适应温度。我的研究生物体将是红粉甲虫，这是一种储存谷物的主要害虫，每年都会导致大量的小麦，大米和玉米被丢弃。它也是DNA研究的“模式物种”，有详细的遗传信息，易于在实验室中饲养和研究。我将研究红粉甲虫如何在真实的时间内进化以应对极端温度，使用在实验室高温下保持了60代的复制种群。通过对适应极端温度生活的个体面粉甲虫的基因组进行测序，我将确定控制适应温度的基因和生物过程，并找出这些基因如何相互作用。此外，由于我有自实验开始以来每一代人的样本，我将能够观察与适应温度有关的基因如何随着时间的推移而进化，并确定这些重要基因对温度变化的反应速度。拟议中的研究将使我们更好地了解DNA如何使个人和群体适应环境。而且，重要的是，随着全球气候的持续变化，它将帮助我们更好地预测粮食害虫可能在何时何地传播。

项目成果

Lineages evolved under stronger sexual selection show superior ability to invade conspecific competitor populations.

• DOI: 10.1002/evl3.80
• 发表时间: 2018-10
• 期刊: Evolution letters
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Godwin JL;Spurgin LG;Michalczyk Ł;Martin OY;Lumley AJ;Chapman T;Gage MJG
• 通讯作者: Gage MJG

Polyandry provides reproductive and genetic benefits in colonising populations.

• DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6742
• 发表时间: 2020-10
• 期刊: Ecology and evolution
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: Lewis RC;Pointer MD;Friend LA;Vasudeva R;Bemrose J;Sutter A;Gage MJG;Spurgin LG
• 通讯作者: Spurgin LG

Genomic associations with bill length and disease reveal drift and selection across island bird populations.

• DOI: 10.1002/evl3.38
• 发表时间: 2018-03
• 期刊: Evolution letters
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Armstrong C;Richardson DS;Hipperson H;Horsburgh GJ;Küpper C;Percival-Alwyn L;Clark M;Burke T;Spurgin LG
• 通讯作者: Spurgin LG

Polyandry provides reproductive and genetic benefits in colonising populations

一妻多夫制为殖民群体提供了生殖和遗传效益

• DOI: 10.22541/au.159625985.50683812
• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Lewis B

QQ-plots for SNP EigenGWAS

SNP EigenGWAS 的 QQ 图

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.13637281
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Martin C