ACOUSTIC BEHAVIOR--NEURAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BASES

声学行为——神经和发育基础

• 批准号: 3215687
• 负责人: RONALD R HOY
• 金额: $ 26.08万
• 依托单位: CORNELL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1977
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1977-09-01 至 1993-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3215687
• 关键词: Orthoptera; animal communication behavior; auditory deprivation; auditory discrimination; auditory feedback; auditory pathways; behavioral genetics; electrophysiology; evolution; innervation; interneurons; nervous system regeneration; neural information processing; neural plasticity; neuroanatomy; neurogenesis; neuronal guidance; neurophysiology; neuropsychology; predation; psychobiology; sequential perception; sex behavior; single cell analysis

One goal of this project is to investigate the neurobehavioral mechanisms of acoustic communication, particularly species-specific acoustic signals from potential mates or potential predators. Because of the relative simplicity of its auditory behavior and neural pathways in the CNS (compared to vertebrates), the cricket is an ideal model system for investigating the processing of auditory information into adaptive behavioral acts. Our research is directed at such questions as: (1) is auditory behavior under the control of single neurons, such as feature detectors or command neurons? (2) how does the animals's behavioral context determine the specific role that an auditory neuron plays in influencing particular auditory behaviors? (3) how is the auditory system organized to recognize the temporal pattern of species-specific mating calls, or to recognize the hunting calls of vocal predators (like bats)? (4) what is the role of courtship songs in mating behavior, and how are they processed in the auditory system? We hope to achieve a cellular analysis of auditory communication that can be combined with previous studies at the behavioral, genetic, and evolutionary levels of organization. The cricket auditory system is also ideal for the investigation of developmental questions. For example, how does the auditory system respond to the loss of an ear? The effects of auditory deprivation or deafferentiation can be studied in the level of single, identified neurons. 1) As in the case in other sensory systems, if the auditory nerve is sectioned, its axons can regenerate and restore function. 2) More unusually, compensatory growth in dendrites of sensory interneurons also restores auditory function. Does functional recovery involve synaptic competition for afferents among compensatory dendrites? Does the auditory afferent projection innervate ectopic dendritic projections by adding new terminal branches (and more synaptic space)? The auditory system of the cricket provides a system in which to study issues of synaptic plasticity such as dendritic and axonal sprouting, competition, and regeneration, at a cellular level through the analysis of single, identified neurons.

这个项目的一个目标是研究神经行为机制 特别是特定物种的声音信号 潜在的配偶或潜在的掠食者。 因为相对 它的听觉行为和中枢神经系统的神经通路简单 （与脊椎动物相比），蟋蟀是一个理想的模型系统， 研究听觉信息的处理， 行为行为 我们的研究是针对这样的问题：（1）是 单神经元控制下的听觉行为，如特征 探测器还是指挥神经元 (2)这些动物的行为 语境决定了听觉神经元在 影响特定的听觉行为 (3)听觉系统是如何 用来识别特定物种交配的时间模式 或者识别声音捕食者（如蝙蝠）的狩猎叫声？ (4)求偶歌在交配行为中的作用是什么， 它们在听觉系统中进行处理？ 我们希望实现一个细胞 听觉交流的分析，可以结合以前的 组织的行为、遗传和进化层面的研究。 蟋蟀的听觉系统也是研究 发展问题。 例如，听觉系统如何反应 失去一只耳朵？ 听觉剥夺或 传入阻滞可以在单一的，确定的水平上进行研究。 神经元 1)就像其他感觉系统一样，如果听神经 被切断后，它的轴突可以再生并恢复功能。 2)更 不寻常的是，感觉中间神经元树突的代偿性生长也 恢复听觉功能 功能恢复是否涉及突触 代偿性树突之间对传入神经的竞争 听觉是否 传入投射通过增加新的神经元来支配异位树突投射 末端分支（和更多的突触空间）？ 的听觉系统 板球提供了一个研究突触可塑性问题的系统 如树突和轴突发芽、竞争和再生， 细胞水平通过分析单个，确定的神经元。