MECHANISMS OF OLFACTORY COMMUNICATION
嗅觉交流机制
基本信息
- 批准号:3215807
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 43.15万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:
- 财政年份:1977
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:1977-12-01 至 1995-11-30
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:animal communication behavior anosmia biological models biomedical automation brain mapping chemoreceptors controlled environment denervation deoxyglucose developmental neurobiology experience experimental brain lesion genetic strain human subject immunocytochemistry laboratory mouse light microscopy limbic system nervous system regeneration neural information processing neural plasticity neuroanatomy neurogenesis olfactions olfactory lobe olfactory stimulus olfactory threshold operant conditionings pheromone radiotracer sensory deprivation sensory discrimination sensory mechanism stimulus /response
项目摘要
Specific scent glands and other biological sources of odor are widespread
in the animal kingdom. Olfactory stimuli from these sources are processed
by several sensory systems and elicit a range of highly specific behavioral
and neuroendocrine responses. Individual components of a particular
behavioral sequence may depend upon different individual compounds or
blends within a single melange of natural odors. Several different
afferent inputs (i.e. the main and accessory olfactory systems) may
cooperate in the detection and discrimination of a complex natural odor.
In fact, one of the signal features of the olfactory system is its ability
to detect and process both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of
simple and complex natural stimuli so that appropriate behavioral responses
are produced. The neural mechanisms which are responsible for these
discriminative abilities, especially those which participate in the
resolution of different odor qualities are poorly understood. Moreover, it
appears that both the discriminative capabilities of the system and the
neural substrates which underlie these abilities are not fixed but remain
modifiable throughout life. We assume that the ambient olfactory
environment present during the normal, or injury induced, development of an
olfactory receptor neuron alters both its relative responsiveness to
subsequent odor stimuli and the pattern and extent of its synaptic
interactions with second order neurons in the olfactory bulb. We plan to
continue our study of olfactory communication in mammals by focusing on the
role of chronic odor exposure and receptor neuron turnover in modifying
odor quality discrimination in the mouse. We presume that treatments which
reliably alter quality discriminations in a predictable fashion will also
produce alterations in those regions of the olfactory system that
participate in the discrimination of odor quality. Once localized, the
neural alterations produced in these regions will be evaluated in order to
unravel the neural mechanisms responsible for quality discrimination. In
addition to its well recognized ability to make complex olfactory
discriminations, the mouse model adds the potential for a range of genetic
manipulations and a decrease in normal intra-animal differences. A range
of different purified odorous compounds, including behaviorally relevant
components of pheromones will be used as stimuli in an integrated series of
anatomical and behavioral studies of the olfactory system with the long
term goal of revealing how chemical signals ultimately give rise to natural
behaviors. Special emphasis will be placed on the roles played by both
early and late olfactory experience in shaping the afferent systems and the
mechanisms associated with the encoding and processing of pheromone and
non-pheromone stimuli. As was the case with our previous proposal, this
continues to be a broad program in which we ultimately hope to obtain the
complete specification of each odor stimulus, the properties of the various
receptors, their central pathways, and the behaviors elicited by chemical
signals.
特殊的气味腺和其他生物来源的气味是广泛的
动物王国里最大的动物 来自这些来源的嗅觉刺激被处理
通过几个感官系统,并引发一系列高度特定的行为,
和神经内分泌反应。 一个特定的
行为顺序可能取决于不同的个体化合物,
混合在一个单一的混合天然气味。 几种不同
传入输入(即主要和辅助嗅觉系统)可以
在检测和辨别复杂的天然气味中合作。
事实上,嗅觉系统的信号特征之一是它能够
检测和处理的定量和定性方面,
简单和复杂的自然刺激,
是生产出来的。 负责这些的神经机制
辨别能力,尤其是那些参与
对不同气味品质的分辨知之甚少。 而且
似乎系统的辨别能力和
作为这些能力基础的神经基质并不是固定的,
在整个生命中都可以改变。 我们假设周围的嗅觉
在正常或损伤诱导的发育过程中存在的环境,
嗅觉受体神经元改变了它对
随后的气味刺激及其突触的模式和程度
与嗅球中的二级神经元的相互作用。 我们计划
继续我们对哺乳动物嗅觉交流的研究,
慢性气味暴露和受体神经元更新在调节
老鼠的气味辨别能力 我们认为,
以可预测的方式可靠地改变质量区分也将
在嗅觉系统的那些区域产生改变,
参与气味质量的鉴别。 一旦本地化,
将评估这些区域中产生的神经改变,
解开负责质量歧视的神经机制。 在
除了其公认的使复杂的嗅觉
区别,小鼠模型增加了一系列遗传变异的可能性。
操作和正常动物内差异的减少。 一系列
不同的净化气味化合物,包括行为相关的
信息素的成分将被用作一系列综合刺激物,
嗅觉系统的解剖学和行为学研究
长期目标是揭示化学信号如何最终引起自然
行为。 将特别强调两者所扮演的角色
早期和晚期的嗅觉经验,在塑造传入系统和
与信息素的编码和加工相关的机制,
非信息素刺激。 与我们先前的提案一样,
仍然是一个广泛的计划,我们最终希望获得
每种气味刺激物的完整规格,各种气味刺激物的性质,
受体,它们的中枢通路,以及化学物质引起的行为
信号.
项目成果
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