PERIODONTAL TISSUE CHANGES DURING PREGNANCY-LACTATION

在此过程中，骨骼和牙周组织发生了显著变化 女性的怀孕、哺乳和绝经后。在怀孕期间， 矿物质的积累和骨骼质量的增加。 慢性炎症性疾病通常在妊娠期间加重(例如： 牙周炎)。在哺乳期间，矿物质和矿物质发生了巨大的变化 骨组织代谢，包括明显的一过性骨骼丢失 质量。绝经后骨组织的减少是公认的 (例如绝经后骨质疏松症)。现在很明显，即使有了 孕期和孕期矿物质和骨骼代谢的显著变化 哺乳，即生殖周期对较长的 女性骨组织的术语完整性。拟议中的实验将 继续定义骨骼、矿物质、 以及妊娠、哺乳和停药后的软组织改变 卵巢功能。组织水平形态测量研究将解决新的 机械性时骨重建和建模作用的假说 研究将检查特定的假定内分泌调节器。致信地址 针对这些问题，提出了以下目标。以确定是否 妊娠期间合成代谢的变化是由于重塑的开始 通过抑制骨重塑与增加骨的一致性 模特儿。这可能为生理学研究提供第一个证据。 哺乳动物骨骼中可逆的矿物质积累。要确定 生长激素相关肽，特别是胎盘催乳素的作用， 妊娠期间骨组织中的增殖素和催乳素。这个 这些荷尔蒙的产生在怀孕期间增加，它们可能 在骨骼和矿物质代谢中的作用。以确定蜕膜是否在 无胎盘对矿物质和骨骼有影响 假孕期间的代谢。可能的生体作用 蜕膜化将在这项研究中定义。确定…的角色 松弛素在牙周软组织，特别是牙周膜中， 在怀孕期间。已知松弛素会影响纤维性关节，并有 全身性影响，并被假设在观察到的变化中起作用 妊娠晚期的牙周组织。要确定是否更改了 哺乳期间的骨骼新陈代谢是由于 骨骼重塑，导致可逆的矿物质缺乏。来自于此的数据 研究可能有助于解释哺乳期对健康的明显保护作用 女性的长期骨骼健康。最终研究将确定是否 与卵巢切除相比，哺乳期的骨丢失模式如下 这样才能最大限度地重建骨骼。总的来说，这些研究将 定义怀孕和哺乳期间的组织水平变化，并定义 特定内分泌调节器的作用。

There are marked changes in skeletal and periodontal tissues during pregnancy and lactation and after menopause in women. During pregnancy, there is an accumulation of mineral and some increase in skeletal mass. Chronic inflammatory diseases are often aggravated during pregnancy (e.g. gingivitis). During lactation, there are dramatic changes in mineral and osseous tissue metabolism, including an apparent transient loss of skeletal mass. The decline in osseous tissues after the menopause is well recognized (e.g. post-menopausal osteoporosis). It is now apparent that even with marked changes in mineral and skeletal metabolism during pregnancy and lactation, that reproductive cycles have a protective effect on the longer term integrity of osseous tissues in women. The proposed experiments will continue to define the changes in, and mechanisms for, skeletal, mineral, and soft-tissue alterations during pregnancy, lactation and after cessation of ovarian function. Tissue-level morphometry studies will address new hypotheses on the role of bone remodeling and modeling while mechanistic studies will examine specific putative endocrine regulators. To address these issues, the following objectives are proposed. To determine if the anabolic changes during pregnancy are due to the initiation of remodeling coherence by the suppression of bone remodeling with increased bone modeling. This may provide the first evidence for a physiological reversible mineral accumulation in a mammalian skeleton. To determine the role of growth hormone-related peptides, specifically placental lactogens, proliferin and prolactin, on osseous tissues during pregnancy. The production of these hormones is increased in pregnancy and they may have roles in skeletal and mineral metabolism. To determine if the decidua in the absence of a placenta has an influence on mineral and skeletal metabolism during pseudopregnancy. Possible somatogenic effects of decidualization will be defined in this study. To determine the role of relaxin in periodontal soft tissues, specifically the periodontal ligament, during pregnancy. Relaxin in known to affect fibrous joints and have systemic effects and is postulated as having a role in observed changes in periodontal tissues in later pregnancy. To determine if the changes in skeletal metabolism during lactation are due to a transient increase in bone remodeling, resulting in a reversible mineral deficit. Data from this study might help explain the apparent protective effect of lactation on longer term bone health in women. The final study will determine if the patterns of bone loss during lactation, when compared with ovariectomy, are such to maximize skeletal reconstitution. Collectively these studies will define tissue-level changes during pregnancy and lactation, and define the roles of specific endocrine regulators.