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Probing mechanisms of pathogen effector recognition by plant Resistance proteins to elevate defence gene activation

探究植物抗性蛋白识别病原体效应子以提高防御基因激活的机制

基本信息

批准号：
BB/R012172/1
负责人：
PINGTAO DING
金额：
$ 38.72万
依托单位：
University of East Anglia
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2018 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FR012172%2F1
关键词：
Probing mechanisms pathogen effector recognition

项目摘要

Plant diseases contribute greatly to annual crop losses and pose a real threat to food security worldwide. Indeed, many other food- and cash-crops such as wheat, rice, maize, soybean, barley, potato, cotton, canola, and others are susceptible to many different types of diseases. Over a million people died during the Great Irish Famine in the 19th century as the result of a potato blight epidemic. Currently, the world's most popular fruit, the Cavendish banana, is under threat of extinction due to infection by highly virulent fungal pathogens [1]. Recently, the reduction of citrus yields also largely affects the manufacture and economy, due to the infection of 'tree-killing' bacteria [2].Plant diseases also threaten the environment. There are >80 million Ash trees growing in UK forests and along neighborhood roads currently under threat of Ash dieback disease, caused by a relentless fungal pathogen [3]. Recent estimates project that 75% of Ash trees in the south and east England will be infected by this disease by 2018 [3]. Battling diseases that affect our crops and trees is a global challenge requiring the work of scientists in both academia and industry, as well as the work of policy-makers and government.Pathogens are capable of infecting plants and causing disease largely because they can suppress plant immune systems. Thus, only when we clearly understand plant immunity will we be able to offer sustainable solutions to diseases that affect our crops.Scientists in the UK have always been seeking knowledge of how to achieve durable and sustainable disease resistance for crops. Understanding the molecular mechanism by which plants establish full resistance against various pathogens is essential to design better strategies for protecting crops from field diseases. The plant immune system is multifaceted and composed of many different proteins with broad functions. In the battle between the host and pathogens, plant gene expression and regulations play a central role in establishing an effective immune response.The aim of this work is to find out exactly how immune gene regulators, especially transcription factors (proteins that regulate gene expressions), work at the molecular level, how they are activated or repressed, and how they influence the amplitude of immune responses. Different pathogens use different strategies to attack the same host plants, so a major challenge is how to boost the plant immunity against all pathogens without compromise; with the correct combinations, and how to control their expression precisely. Understanding the changes to chromatin (histone protein with DNA molecules) that occur during the immune process is key to decode the genetic information of immune gene regulations.To address these important questions, I will study host proteins involved in the interaction between the model plant Arabidopsis and its pathogens. Working with a model plant offers many advantages over directly studying crop plants, the most important being the wealth of genetic and technological tools available (fully sequenced and annotated genome, thousands of mutants and worldwide data repositories) and the general ease of experimentation (small stature, fast growth, and convenient breeding techniques). The project will be undertaken at the Sainsbury Laboratory in Norwich [4], a world-leading research institute dedicated to working on plant-microbe interactions, and will involve collaborative work with laboratories in Canada. Knowledge gained from this project will advance our understanding of how plants defend themselves against pathogens and provide agricultural practices to improve crop yield.[1] 'Yes, we have no bananas' The Economist (1 March 2014); [2] 'Florida's orange groves are being wiped out by tree-killing bacteria' the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) News (26 October 2016); [3] 'Ash dieback 'could affect 75% of trees worst hit areas'' The Guardian (30 April 2014); [4] www.tsl.ac.uk.

植物病害在很大程度上造成了每年的作物损失，并对全世界的粮食安全构成了真正的威胁。事实上，许多其他粮食和经济作物，如小麦、水稻、玉米、大豆、大麦、马铃薯、棉花、油菜籽和其他作物，易患许多不同类型的疾病。19世纪，由于马铃薯枯萎病的流行，一百多万人死于爱尔兰大饥荒。目前，世界上最受欢迎的水果，卡文迪什香蕉，由于高毒力真菌病原体[1]的感染，正面临灭绝的威胁。最近，由于“杀树”细菌[2]的感染，柑橘产量的减少也在很大程度上影响了生产和经济。植物病害也威胁着环境。在英国的森林和附近的道路上生长着大约8000万棵白蜡树，目前正受到白蜡树枯梢病的威胁，这种病是由一种无情的真菌病原体引起的。最近的估计显示，到2018年，英格兰南部和东部75%的白蜡树将感染这种疾病。与影响我们农作物和树木的疾病作斗争是一项全球性挑战，需要学术界和工业界的科学家以及决策者和政府的工作。病原体之所以能够感染植物并引起疾病，很大程度上是因为它们可以抑制植物的免疫系统。因此，只有当我们清楚地了解植物的免疫力时，我们才能为影响我们作物的疾病提供可持续的解决方案。英国的科学家们一直在寻求如何使作物获得持久和可持续的抗病能力的知识。了解植物对各种病原体建立完全抗性的分子机制对于设计更好的保护作物免受田间病害的策略至关重要。植物免疫系统是多方面的，由许多不同的蛋白质组成，具有广泛的功能。在宿主与病原体的斗争中，植物基因表达和调控在建立有效的免疫应答中起着核心作用。这项工作的目的是找出免疫基因调节因子，特别是转录因子（调节基因表达的蛋白质）在分子水平上是如何工作的，它们是如何被激活或抑制的，以及它们是如何影响免疫反应的幅度的。不同的病原体使用不同的策略来攻击相同的寄主植物，因此一个主要的挑战是如何在不妥协的情况下增强植物对所有病原体的免疫力；用正确的组合，以及如何精确地控制它们的表达。了解免疫过程中染色质（组蛋白与DNA分子）的变化是解码免疫基因调控遗传信息的关键。为了解决这些重要的问题，我将研究模式植物拟南芥与其病原体之间相互作用的宿主蛋白。与直接研究作物植物相比，使用模式植物有许多优势，最重要的是可用的遗传和技术工具的财富（完全测序和注释的基因组，数千个突变体和全球数据存储库）以及实验的一般易用性（身材小，生长快，育种技术方便）。该项目将在诺维奇的塞恩斯伯里实验室进行，这是一家致力于研究植物与微生物相互作用的世界领先的研究机构，并将涉及与加拿大实验室的合作。从该项目中获得的知识将促进我们对植物如何抵御病原体的理解，并提供提高作物产量的农业实践。[1]“是的，我们没有香蕉”《经济学人》（2014年3月1日）；哥伦比亚广播公司（CBS）新闻（2016年10月26日）：“佛罗里达州的橘子林正在被杀死树木的细菌摧毁。”[3]“灰枯病”可能影响受灾最严重地区75%的树木”《卫报》（2014年4月30日）；[4] www.tsl.ac.uk。