FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF VERTEBRATE VISUAL SYSTEMS

这个项目试图了解更多关于视网膜突触的知识 机械装置。特别是，我们正在寻求发现什么 物质被用在特定的突触连接上，以及有什么影响 这些物质对视网膜细胞有影响。现在一般都是 认为有两种基本类型的物质在大脑中释放 突触；神经递质，启动快速兴奋性和 神经细胞中的抑制反应，以及神经调节剂 调节神经细胞中缓慢而持久的事件。接下来的五年 这个项目的几年将集中在行动和互动上 在经典的神经递质L-谷氨酸和多巴胺之间 经典的神经调节剂，在鱼的水平细胞上(白色 Perch)视网膜。此外，我们还将研究如何修改 多巴胺、因子在水平细胞间的电连接 在视网膜释放多巴胺的基础上，最后， 多巴胺对视网膜双极细胞、无长突细胞和神经节细胞的影响。 未来五年计划的具体项目包括： 1)磷酸化在谷氨酸调节中的作用- 多巴胺和环磷酰胺介导的水平细胞电导 安培。 2)水平细胞中单个谷氨酸通道的性质和 它们受多巴胺和环状AMP的调节。 3)水平之间的单间隙连接通道的性质 细胞及其对多巴胺、环磷酸腺苷和多巴胺的调节 磷酸化。 4)培养过程中神经元间突触的发育。 5)神经活性物质和视神经的作用 刺激视网膜中的多巴胺释放。 6)多巴胺对细胞外记录神经节的影响 细胞和细胞内记录的双极细胞和无长突细胞 视网膜。

This project is attempting to learn more about retinal synaptic mechanisms. In particular, we are seeking to discover what substances are used at specific synaptic junctions and what eFfects these substances have on retinal cells. It is now generally believed that two basic types of substances are released at brain synapses; neurotransmitters which initiate fast excitatory and inhibitory responses in neural cells, and neuromodulators which mediate slow, long lasting events in nerve cells. The next five years of this project will focus on the action of, and interaction between, L-glutamate, a classic neurotransmitter and dopamine' a classic neuromodulator, on horizontal cells of the fish (white perch) retina. In addition, we will study the modification of electrical junctions between horizontal cells by dopamine, factors underlying the release of dopamine in the retina' &nd finally, the effects of dopamine on retina bipolar, amacrine and ganglion cells. Specific projects planned for the next five years include: 1) The role of phosphorylation in the modulation of glutamate- mediated conductances in horizontal cells by dopamine and cyclic AMP. 2) The nature of single glutamate channels in horizontal cells and their modulation by dopamine and cyclic AMP. 3) The nature of single gap junctional channels between horizontal cells and their modulation by dopamine, cyclic AMP and phosphorylation. 4) The development of synapses between neurons in culture. 5) The effects of neuroactive substances and optic nerve stimulation on dopamine release in the retina. 6) The effects of dopamine on extracellularly recorded ganglion cells and intracellularly recorded bipolar and amacrine cells of the retina.