Genetic analysis in the family Cyprinidae base on isozymes and mtDNA

鲤科鱼类种类繁多，是由异源四倍体鱼类进化而来的。然后，它们可以被构建成复杂的遗传特征和遗传结构。同工酶分析是分析种群结构、遗传分化和进化特征的非常有用的工具，但它可以分析很长的世代。线粒体DNA(MtDNA)有望成为鱼类遗传学和渔业管理的敏感遗传标记。本研究的目的是：(1)建立淡水鱼mtDNA的初步纯化方法；(2)利用线粒体DNA的遗传标记明确鲤鱼mtDNA的限制性片段长度多态值；(3)对生活在日本东北地区的鲫鱼进行品种鉴定。在此基础上，对4种限制性内切酶进行了限制性片段长度多态性分析，并在此基础上对池塘鲤鱼的4个母系进行了鉴定。此外，东北地区存在这三个亚种的鲫鱼，遗传差异的种群曾在一个池塘中栖息和繁殖。然而，线粒体DNA变异模式在两个群体中都很常见。

There are many kind of fish species in the family cyprinidae, and these species evolved from allo-tetraploid fish species. Then, they could be constructed a complex genetic feature and genetic structure. Isozymic analyses are very useful tool for analyzing a population structure, genetic divergence and evolutionary feature, but they could analyze a long generations.Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been expected to use as sensitive genetic markers for fish genetics and fishery management. However, in order to apply it for actual population study, a lot of issues should be resolved.The aims in the present study are (1) establishment an elementary method for purifying mtDNA in freshwater fish, (2) Clarifying a value of restriction fragment length polymorphism in carp by use a genetic marker of mtDNA, and (3) identification of species of crucian carp inhabited in Tohoku area in Japan.As the results, the elementary method for purifying mtDNA could be established based on chemical methods (alkarine treatment and non-idet P-40). Next, based on that method, restriction fragment length polymorphisms were observed in the four restriction enzymes, and then the 4 maternal strains are estimated in carp inhabited in a certain pond. Furthermore, the three sub species of crucian carp have existed in the Tohoku area, and genetically divergent populations have been inhabited and brood in a pond. However, mtDNA variant patterns were common in both populations.