GENE EXPRESSION IN DROSOPHILA

为了了解高等生物的基因表达机制， 研究果蝇的两组协调基因反应：1） 在肌肉发生中产生肌肉特异性蛋白质，以及2）“热 在真核细胞和原核细胞中诱导的“休克”反应 各种环境压力。 这两种现象都是有用的 研究发生的遗传活动的实验系统 在真核生物的分化过程中。 此外，肌原性 分化本身就是一个重要的发展过程， 热休克反应可能是最基本的机制 所有生物体的细胞在环境变化的时候都能达到体内平衡。 应力 我们对热激基因的研究将集中在hsrw位点。 我们有 表明该位点与其他热休克位点非常不同， 事实上，从任何其他已知的基因。 我们的研究结果表明，hsrw基因座 在应激和非应激中起着一般的调节作用 果蝇细胞。 我们假设Omega 1转录本的作用是 隔离核因子，并且Omega 3转录本在以下方面发挥作用： 翻译过程。 检验这些关于高速铁路水的假设的实验 功能提出。 如果HSRW具有我们建议的作用， 其他真核生物将具有等同的基因座， 果蝇基因将使我们能够在其他物种中识别这些位点。 已经设计了实验来寻找属外的HSRW位点 果蝇 我们对肌肉的研究将集中在两个方面：1）Z波段的研究， 锚定细丝并传递的肌原纤维成分 从一个肌节到另一个肌节的张力。 我们现在有了单克隆抗体 确定了四种主要的高分子量Z带成分;这些 抗体被用来克隆相应的基因， 图书馆. 我们建议获得Z带抗体的完整集合 并从表达文库中克隆基因。 我们建议获得一个 Z带抗体和克隆基因的完整集合，并使用这些 探针来分析这种肌原纤维的结构和组装 结构; 2）粗丝和细丝蛋白质。 我们的研究 鉴定了几种果蝇肌原纤维蛋白， 新颖的功能。 我们正在研究的两个有趣的原因是， 在果蝇肌肉中的分布。 第一个是mp20， 对同步肌有特殊作用 第二个（一组三个 同种型）仅在异步肌肉中发现。 两种蛋白质都定位于 A波段。 一种可能性是，我们的肌肉类型限制 蛋白质在收缩或舒张过程中的作用， 肌肉型;对蛋白质的进一步研究可能会深入了解 涉及的机制。 我们建议对这些进行分子和遗传学研究， 蛋白质和相应的基因。

To understand the mechanisms of gene expression in higher organisms we are studying two sets of coordinated gene responses in Drosophila: 1) the production of muscle-specific proteins in myogenesis and 2) the "heat shock" response induced in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells by a variety of environmental stresses. Both of these phenomena are useful experimental systems for study of the kinds of genetic activity that occur during differentiation in eukaryotes. In addition, myogenic differentiation is an important developmental process in its own right and the heat shock response is perhaps the most fundamental mechanism by which cells of all organisms achieve homeostasis at times of environmental stress. Our studies on heat shock genes will focus on the hsrw locus. We have shown that this locus is very different from other heat shock loci and, in fact, from any other known gene. Our results suggest that the hsrw locus plays a general regulatory role in both stressed and non-stressed Drosophila cells. We hypothesize that the omega1 transcript acts to sequester a nuclear factor and that the omega3 transcript plays a role in the translational process. Experiments to teat these hypotheses about hsrw function are proposed. If hsrw has the role we suggest, it is likely that other eukaryotes will have equivalent loci and that understanding the Drosophila gene will allow us to identify these loci in other species. Experiments have been designed to search for hsrw loci outside the genus Drosophila. Our studies on muscle will focus in two areas: 1) Studies of the Z-band, the myofibrillar component that anchors thin filaments and transmits tension from one sarcomere to the next. We now have monoclonal antibodies that identify four major high molecular weight Z-band components; these antibodies are being used to clone the corresponding genes from expression libraries. We propose to obtain a complete collection of Z-band antibodies and cloned genes from expression libraries. We propose to obtain a complete collection of Z-band antibodies and cloned genes and to use these probes to analyze the structure and assembly of this myofibrillar structure; 2) proteins of thick and thin filaments. Our studies have identified several Drosophila myofibrillar proteins which seem to have novel functions. Two that we are studying are interesting because of their distribution in Drosophila muscle. The first is mp20, which appears specific for the synchronous muscle. The second (a cluster of three isoforms) is found only in asynchronous muscle. Both proteins localize to the A-band. One possibility is that the muscle-type restriction of our proteins indicates a role in the contraction or relaxation process in that muscle-type; further studies on the proteins may give insight into the mechanisms involved. We propose molecular and genetic studies on these proteins and the corresponding genes.