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21 ICRAD Future rodent management for pig and poultry health (RodentGate)

21 ICRAD 猪和家禽健康的未来啮齿动物管理 (RodentGate)

基本信息

批准号：
BB/V019872/1
负责人：
Steven Belmain
金额：
$ 58.47万
依托单位：
University of Greenwich
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2021 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FV019872%2F1
关键词：
21 ICRAD Future rodent management

项目摘要

Apart from consuming and spoiling animal feed, and damaging infrastructure in and around farm buildings, rodents are a considerable threat to animal health and One Health. They can cause direct stress on pigs and poultry but are mainly important as carriers of pathogens. These include economically very significant diseases like Swine dysentery, Aujeszky's Disease, PCV2 and Encephalomyocarditis. Wild brown rats can carry Influenza A and might act as an intermediate for the transmission of avian influenza between wild birds and poultry. For some other diseases like African Swine Fever, rodents may act as mechanical reservoirs or they may support ticks that can carry ASF. Rodents also play a role in the epidemiology of leptospirosis and salmonellosis or in spreading antibiotic resistant bacterial strains such as livestock-associated MRSA. They can pick up the infection from infected pigs or poultry and spread it within and between farms, they can act as a bridge between wild fauna and livestock, and they can maintain the infection locally when a farm is emptied and decontaminated after a disease outbreak or livestock turnover. Thus, there are very good reasons for rodent management on pig and poultry farms. An important approach has always been the use of rodenticides. However, concerns about the environmental safety of the most common rodenticides has led to changes in the European and national regulations that restrict their use and pose new challenges for efficient rodent management on farms. There is also the problem of resistance against these poisons. This project RODENTGATE will investigate the rodent-related risks for animal health in the pig and poultry industry and how this might change with altered rodent control. Ecologically-based rodent management is a strategy that combines an Integrated Pest Management approach with a thorough knowledge of the rodent ecology, enabling interventions to be precisely targeted in time and space, whilst being ecologically and economically sustainable. This requires a very good understanding of the rodent demography, life history, space use, dispersal capacities as well appropriate documentation of pathogen presence and transmission patterns in the rodent population. Proper understanding of transmission mechanisms is crucial since killing hosts may have unexpected effects on the spreading of an infection.

除了消耗和破坏动物饲料，破坏农场建筑物内和周围的基础设施外，啮齿动物对动物健康和One Health构成相当大的威胁。它们可以对猪和家禽造成直接压力，但主要是作为病原体的载体。这些包括经济上非常重要的疾病，如猪痢疾，Aujeszky病，PCV 2和脑心肌炎。野生褐鼠可携带甲型流感病毒，并可能成为野鸟与家禽之间传播禽流感的媒介。对于其他一些疾病，如非洲猪瘟，啮齿动物可能充当机械水库，或者它们可能支持可以携带ASF的蜱虫。啮齿动物在钩端螺旋体病和沙门氏菌病的流行病学中或在传播抗生素耐药性细菌菌株如牲畜相关MRSA中也起作用。它们可以从受感染的猪或家禽身上获得感染，并在农场内和农场之间传播，它们可以作为野生动物和牲畜之间的桥梁，当疾病爆发或牲畜周转后农场清空和净化时，它们可以在当地保持感染。因此，有很好的理由在猪和家禽农场进行啮齿动物管理。一个重要的方法一直是使用灭鼠剂。然而，对最常见的灭鼠剂的环境安全性的担忧导致了欧洲和国家法规的变化，这些法规限制了它们的使用，并对农场的有效啮齿动物管理提出了新的挑战。还有一个问题是对这些毒药的抵抗力。该项目RODENTGATE将调查猪和家禽业中与啮齿动物相关的动物健康风险，以及如何改变啮齿动物控制。以害虫为基础的啮齿动物管理是一种将综合害虫管理方法与啮齿动物生态学的全面知识相结合的战略，使干预措施能够在时间和空间上精确定位，同时在生态和经济上可持续。这需要对啮齿动物的人口统计学、生活史、空间利用、传播能力以及啮齿动物种群中病原体存在和传播模式的适当记录有很好的了解。正确理解传播机制至关重要，因为杀死宿主可能对感染的传播产生意想不到的影响。